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MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential

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First Online:
Part of the Methods in Molecular Biology book series (MIMB, volume 1699)

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large family of small, approximately 20–22 nucleotide, noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of target genes, at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs are involved in virtually diverse biological processes and play crucial roles in cellular processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Accumulating lines of evidence have indicated that miRNAs play important roles in the maintenance of biological homeostasis and that aberrant expression levels of miRNAs are associated with the onset of many diseases, including cancer. It is possible that the diverse roles that miRNAs play, have potential to provide valuable information in a clinical setting, demonstrating the potential to act as both screening tools for the stratification of high-risk patients, while informing the treatment decision-making process. Increasing evidence suggests that some miRNAs may even provide assistance in the diagnosis of patients with breast cancer. In addition, miRNAs may themselves be considered therapeutic targets, with inhibition or reintroduction of a particular miRNA capable of inducing a response in-vivo. This chapter discusses the role of miRNAs as oncogenes and tumor suppressors in breast cancer development and metastasis . It focuses on miRNAs that have prognostic, diagnostic, or predictive potential in breast cancer as well as the possible challenges in the translation of such observations to the clinic.

Key words

MicroRNA Breast cancer Oncogenic miRNA Tumor suppressor miRNA 
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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media LLC 2018

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of KashmirHazratbal SrinagarIndia
  2. 2.Clarke H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, 2A25 HRICUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
  3. 3.Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, 2A32 HRICUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada

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