Abstract
Polyacrylamide hydrogels can be used to culture cells in a range of stiffness that can closer mimic physiological environments. Changes in environmental stiffness have been documented in conditions such as fibrosis, cancer, and aging. In this chapter, we describe a method in which we pour gels directly into multiwell plates using a plastic support that covalently binds to the polymerizing hydrogel. The hydrogel is then crosslinked to calfskin collagen using a crosslinker. The result is a thick hydrogel, scalable to any size plate, which covers the entire surface of the well with no edge effects. The gels can be routinely assembled and are easily reproducible. These scaffolds are used as in vitro models to study fibroblast reaction to variation in environmental stiffness.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Varani J, Schuger L, Dame MK et al (2004) Reduced fibroblast interaction with intact collagen as a mechanism for depressed collagen synthesis in photodamaged skin. J Invest Dermatol 122(6):1471ā1479. doi:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22614.x
Fisher GJ, Varani J, Voorhees JJ (2008) Looking older: fibroblast collapse and therapeutic implications. Arch Dermatol 144(5):666ā672. doi:10.1001/archderm.144.5.666
Quan T, Little E, Quan H et al (2013) Elevated matrix metalloproteinases and collagen fragmentation in photodamaged human skin: impact of altered extracellular matrix microenvironment on dermal fibroblast function. J Invest Dermatol 133(5):1362ā1366. doi:10.1038/jid.2012.509
Smithmyer ME, Sawicki LA, Kloxin AM (2014) Hydrogel scaffolds as in vitro models to study fibroblast activation in wound healing and disease. Biomater Sci 2(5):634ā650. doi:10.1039/C3BM60319A
Li Y, Lei D, Swindell WR et al (2015) Age-associated increase in skin fibroblast-derived prostaglandin E2 contributes to reduced collagen levels in elderly human skin. J Invest Dermatol 135(9):2181ā2188. doi:10.1038/jid.2015.157
Xia W, Quan T, Hammerberg C et al (2015) A mouse model of skin aging: fragmentation of dermal collagen fibrils and reduced fibroblast spreading due to expression of human matrix metalloproteinase-1. J Dermatol Sci 78(1):79ā82. doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.01.009
Fisher GJ, Shao Y, He T et al (2016) Reduction of fibroblast size/mechanical force down-regulates TGF-beta type II receptor: implications for human skin aging. Aging Cell 15(1):67ā76. doi:10.1111/acel.12410
Purohit T, He T, Qin Z et al (2016) Smad3-dependent regulation of type I collagen in human dermal fibroblasts: impact on human skin connective tissue aging. J Dermatol Sci 83(1):80ā83. doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.04.004
Sunyer R, Jin AJ, Nossal R et al (2012) Fabrication of hydrogels with steep stiffness gradients for studying cell mechanical response. PLoS One 7(10):e46107. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046107
Syed S, Karadaghy A, Zustiak S (2015) Simple polyacrylamide-based multiwell stiffness assay for the study of stiffness-dependent cell responses. J Vis Exp 97. doi:10.3791/52643
RittiĆ© L, Fisher GJ (2005) Isolation and culture of skin fibroblasts. Methods Mol Med 117:83ā98. doi:10.1385/1-59259-940-0:083
Thermo-Fisher TR001 Photoactivate-aryl-azides. https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/TR0011-Photoactivate-aryl-azides.pdf. Accessed 12 Dec 2016
Saha K, Kim J, Irwin E et al (2010) Surface creasing instability of soft polyacrylamide cell culture substrates. Biophys J 99(12):L94āL96. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2010.09.045
Trappmann B, Gautrot JE, Connelly JT et al (2012) Extracellular-matrix tethering regulates stem-cell fate. Nat Mater 11(7):642ā649. doi:10.1038/nmat3339
Acknowledgments
C.A.W. is supported by NIH award T32AR007197.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
Ā© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Worthen, C.A., RittiƩ, L., Fisher, G.J. (2017). Mechanical Deformation of Cultured Cells with Hydrogels. In: RittiƩ, L. (eds) Fibrosis. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1627. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7113-8_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7113-8_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7112-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7113-8
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols