Skip to main content

Mechanical Deformation of Cultured Cells with Hydrogels

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Fibrosis

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1627))

Abstract

Polyacrylamide hydrogels can be used to culture cells in a range of stiffness that can closer mimic physiological environments. Changes in environmental stiffness have been documented in conditions such as fibrosis, cancer, and aging. In this chapter, we describe a method in which we pour gels directly into multiwell plates using a plastic support that covalently binds to the polymerizing hydrogel. The hydrogel is then crosslinked to calfskin collagen using a crosslinker. The result is a thick hydrogel, scalable to any size plate, which covers the entire surface of the well with no edge effects. The gels can be routinely assembled and are easily reproducible. These scaffolds are used as in vitro models to study fibroblast reaction to variation in environmental stiffness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Varani J, Schuger L, Dame MK et al (2004) Reduced fibroblast interaction with intact collagen as a mechanism for depressed collagen synthesis in photodamaged skin. J Invest Dermatol 122(6):1471ā€“1479. doi:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22614.x

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  2. Fisher GJ, Varani J, Voorhees JJ (2008) Looking older: fibroblast collapse and therapeutic implications. Arch Dermatol 144(5):666ā€“672. doi:10.1001/archderm.144.5.666

    ArticleĀ  PubMedĀ  PubMed CentralĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  3. Quan T, Little E, Quan H et al (2013) Elevated matrix metalloproteinases and collagen fragmentation in photodamaged human skin: impact of altered extracellular matrix microenvironment on dermal fibroblast function. J Invest Dermatol 133(5):1362ā€“1366. doi:10.1038/jid.2012.509

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  PubMed CentralĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  4. Smithmyer ME, Sawicki LA, Kloxin AM (2014) Hydrogel scaffolds as in vitro models to study fibroblast activation in wound healing and disease. Biomater Sci 2(5):634ā€“650. doi:10.1039/C3BM60319A

  5. Li Y, Lei D, Swindell WR et al (2015) Age-associated increase in skin fibroblast-derived prostaglandin E2 contributes to reduced collagen levels in elderly human skin. J Invest Dermatol 135(9):2181ā€“2188. doi:10.1038/jid.2015.157

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  PubMed CentralĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  6. Xia W, Quan T, Hammerberg C et al (2015) A mouse model of skin aging: fragmentation of dermal collagen fibrils and reduced fibroblast spreading due to expression of human matrix metalloproteinase-1. J Dermatol Sci 78(1):79ā€“82. doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.01.009

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  7. Fisher GJ, Shao Y, He T et al (2016) Reduction of fibroblast size/mechanical force down-regulates TGF-beta type II receptor: implications for human skin aging. Aging Cell 15(1):67ā€“76. doi:10.1111/acel.12410

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  8. Purohit T, He T, Qin Z et al (2016) Smad3-dependent regulation of type I collagen in human dermal fibroblasts: impact on human skin connective tissue aging. J Dermatol Sci 83(1):80ā€“83. doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.04.004

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  9. Sunyer R, Jin AJ, Nossal R et al (2012) Fabrication of hydrogels with steep stiffness gradients for studying cell mechanical response. PLoS One 7(10):e46107. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046107

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  PubMed CentralĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  10. Syed S, Karadaghy A, Zustiak S (2015) Simple polyacrylamide-based multiwell stiffness assay for the study of stiffness-dependent cell responses. J Vis Exp 97. doi:10.3791/52643

  11. RittiĆ© L, Fisher GJ (2005) Isolation and culture of skin fibroblasts. Methods Mol Med 117:83ā€“98. doi:10.1385/1-59259-940-0:083

    PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  12. Thermo-Fisher TR001 Photoactivate-aryl-azides. https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/TR0011-Photoactivate-aryl-azides.pdf. Accessed 12 Dec 2016

  13. Saha K, Kim J, Irwin E et al (2010) Surface creasing instability of soft polyacrylamide cell culture substrates. Biophys J 99(12):L94ā€“L96. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2010.09.045

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  PubMed CentralĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  14. Trappmann B, Gautrot JE, Connelly JT et al (2012) Extracellular-matrix tethering regulates stem-cell fate. Nat Mater 11(7):642ā€“649. doi:10.1038/nmat3339

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

Download references

Acknowledgments

C.A.W. is supported by NIH award T32AR007197.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gary J. Fisher .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

Ā© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media LLC

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Worthen, C.A., RittiƩ, L., Fisher, G.J. (2017). Mechanical Deformation of Cultured Cells with Hydrogels. In: RittiƩ, L. (eds) Fibrosis. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1627. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7113-8_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7113-8_17

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7112-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7113-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics