Abstract
Host restriction factors are cellular components that interfere with viral multiplication. They are up-regulated and expressed upon viral infection and in consequence their activity is specific. So far several important restriction factors have been described against diverse viruses. The cellular antiviral mechanisms defined include proteins with the ability to interfere with early steps of viral replication and others that have been shown to block viral morphogenesis. However, other strategies by which the antiviral action is exerted still remain elusive. An additional interesting matter is how viruses also developed ways to by-pass these host-specific obstacles. Thus, unusual cell localization or re-localization represents a frequent virus choice to evade the cellular surveillance. In the present chapter, we summarize methods to identify cell restriction factors, their antiviral activity, and possible subcellular locations where their activity can take place.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Yan N, Chen ZJ (2012) Intrinsic antiviral immunity. Nat Immunol 13(3):214–222
Bowick GC, Fennewald SM, Elsom BL, Aronson JF, Luxon BA, Gorenstein DG, Herzog NK (2006) Differential signaling networks induced by mild and lethal hemorrhagic fever virus infections. J Virol 80:10248–10252
Müller S, Geffers R, Günther S (2007) Analysis of gene expression in Lassa virus-infected HuH-7 cells. J Gen Virol 88:1568–1575
Djavani M, Crasta OR, Zhang Y, Zapata JC, Sobral B, Lechner MG, Bryant J, Davis H, Salvato MS (2009) Gene expression in primate liver during viral hemorrhagic fever. Virol J 6(20):1–20
Panda D, Das A, Dinh PX, Subramaniam S, Nayak D, Barrows NJ, Pearson JL, Thompson J, Kelly DL, Ladunga I, Pattnaik AK (2011) RNAi screening reveals requirement for host cell secretory pathway in infection by diverse families of negative-strand RNA viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(47):19036–19041
Panda D, Cherry S (2015) A genome-wide RNAi screening method to discover novel genes involved in virus infection. Methods 91:75–81
Lavanya M, Cuevas CD, Thomas M, Cherry S, Ross SR (2013) SiRNA screen for genes that affect Junín virus entry uncovers voltage-gated calcium channels as a therapeutic target. Sci Transl Med 5(204):204ra131
Perez-Caballero D, Zang T, Ebrahimi A, Mcnatt MW, Gregory DA, Johnson MC, Bieniasz PD (2009) Tetherin inhibits HIV-1 release by directly tethering virions to cells. Cell 139:499–511
Tartour K, Appourchaux R, Gaillard J, Nguyen XN, Durand S, Turpin J, Beaumont E, Roch E, Berger G, Mahieux R, Brand D, Roingeard P, Cimarelli A (2014) IFITM proteins are incorporated onto HIV-1 virion particles and negatively imprint their infectivity. Retrovirology 11:103
Hinson ER, Cresswell P (2009) The antiviral protein, viperin, localizes to lipid droplets via its N-terminal amphipathic alpha-helix. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(48):20452–20457
Helbig KJ, Carr JM, Calvert JK, Wati S, Clarke JN et al (2013) Viperin is induced following dengue virus type-2 (DENV-2) infection and has anti-viral actions requiring the C-terminal end of viperin. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7:e2178
Jiang X, Chen ZJ (2011) Viperin links lipid bodies to immune defense. Immunity 34(3):285–287. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2011.03.012
Saka HA, Valdivia R (2012) Emerging roles for lipid droplets in immunity and host-pathogen interactions. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 28:411–437. doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-153958
Bieniasz PD (2003) Restriction factors: a defense against retroviral infection. Trends Microbiol 11(6):286–291
Harris RS, Hultquist JF, Evans DT (2012) The restriction factors of human immunodeficiency virus. J Biol Chem 287:40875–40883
Simon V, Bloch N, Landau NR (2015) Intrinsic host restrictions to HIV-1 and mechanisms of viral escape. Nat Immunol 16(6):546–553
Wang X, Hinson ER, Cresswell P (2007) The interferon-inducible protein viperin inhibits influenza virus release by perturbing lipid rafts. Cell Host Microbe 2:96–105
Seo JY, Yaneva R, Hinson ER, Cresswell P (2011) Human cytomegalovirus directly induces the antiviral protein viperin to enhance infectivity. Science 332:1093–1097
Lazear HM, Diamond MS (2015) New insights into innate immune restriction of West Nile virus infection. Curr Opin Virol 11:1–6
Zhou LY, Zhang LL (2016) Host restriction factors for hepatitis C virus. World J Gastroenterol 22(4):1477–1486
Jouvenet N, Neil SJD, Zhadina M, Zang T, Kratovac Z, Lee Y, Mcnatt M, Hatziioannou T, Bieniasz PD (2009) Broad-spectrum inhibition of retroviral and filoviral particle release by tetherin. J Virol 83:1837–1844
Sakuma T, Noda T, Urata S, Kawaoka Y, Yasuda J (2009) Inhibition of Lassa and Marburg virus production by tetherin. J Virol 83:2382–2385
Pan XB, Han JC, Cong X, Wei L (2012) BST2/tetherin inhibits dengue virus release from human hepatoma cells. PLoS One 7(12):e51033
Giovannoni F, Damonte E, García C (2015) Cellular promyelocytic leukemia protein is an important dengue virus restriction factor. PLoS One 10(5):e0125690
North AJ (2006) Seeing is believing? A beginners’ guide to practical pitfalls in image acquisition. J Cell Biol 172(1):9–18
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Giovannoni, F., Cárcamo, J.R.P., Morell, M.L., Cordo, S.M., García, C.C. (2018). Identifying Restriction Factors for Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses: Dengue and Junín. In: Salvato, M. (eds) Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1604. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6981-4_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6981-4_27
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6980-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6981-4
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols