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Microbiota and Epigenetic Regulation of Inflammatory Mediators

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Epigenetics and Gene Expression in Cancer, Inflammatory and Immune Diseases

Part of the book series: Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology ((MIPT))

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Abstract

Bacteria and bacterial derived metabolites are known to influence the host epigenetic regulation patterns such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, thus altering the expression of critical genes in pathologic processes, for example in metabolic syndrome. Fermentation end products, especially butyrate and LPS (lipopolysaccharides), the latter being cell-wall components of gram-negative bacteria, have been suggested as bioactive metabolites influencing epigenetic modifications by directly influencing enzymes catalyzing epigenetic modifications, by altering the availability of substrates, or by interactions with receptors. Thus, identification and quantification of gut microbiota via molecular based methods are of importance to address different epigenetic patterns and gene expression. We discuss methods for microbiota, epigenetic methylation, and expression analysis of our own research which will have a role in future studies.

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Abbreviations

AMV:

Avian myeloblastosis virus

APS:

Ammonium persulfate solution

BGS:

Bisulfite genomic sequencing

cDNA:

Complementary DNA

DGGE:

Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

DNMT1:

DNA-methyltransferase 1

EDTA:

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

FRAR3:

Free fatty acid receptor 3

FRET:

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer

HDACs:

Histone deacetylases

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

5mC:

5-methylcytosine

MeDIP:

Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation

MMLV:

Moloney murine leukemia virus

MSRE:

Methylation sensitive restriction enzyme

NF-kB:

Nuclease factor kB

PTM:

Posttranslational modification

qPCR:

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction

RT:

Reverse transcription

SCFAs:

Short chain fatty acids

SEM:

Structural equation modelling

TE buffer:

Tris-EDTA buffer

TEMED:

N,N,N,N-tetramethylethylenediamine

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, UZA II, 2D542, Althanstraße 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria

    Marlene Remely, Irene Rebhan, Martina Greunz & Alexander G. Haslberger

  2. Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Leukemia Research and Hematology, Vienna, Austria

    Heidrun Karlic

Authors
  1. Marlene Remely
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  2. Heidrun Karlic
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  3. Irene Rebhan
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  4. Martina Greunz
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  5. Alexander G. Haslberger
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marlene Remely .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA

    Barbara Stefanska

  2. Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

    David J. MacEwan

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Remely, M., Karlic, H., Rebhan, I., Greunz, M., Haslberger, A.G. (2017). Microbiota and Epigenetic Regulation of Inflammatory Mediators. In: Stefanska, B., MacEwan, D. (eds) Epigenetics and Gene Expression in Cancer, Inflammatory and Immune Diseases. Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6743-8_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6743-8_8

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6741-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6743-8

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