Skip to main content

Using Disease-Associated Enzymes to Activate Antimicrobial Peptide Prodrugs

  • Protocol
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1548))

Abstract

Prodrugs of antimicrobial peptides can be generated by modifying their sequences at their N-termini with a linker and a negatively charged promoiety. These modifications can be selectively reversed by a disease-associated enzyme, thereby confining the activity of the peptide to pathologically affected body parts. A general method for the generation of prodrug candidates, based on a linker constituting the substrate of a disease-associated protease and an oligo-glutamic acid promoiety, as well as a protocol to validate the activation of the prodrug, are described herein.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Protocol
USD   49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Springer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more

References

  1. Rautio J, Kumpulainen H, Heimbach T et al (2008) Prodrugs: design and clinical applications. Nat Rev Drug Discov 7:255–270

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Stella VJ (2004) Prodrugs as therapeutics. Exp Opin Ther Patents 14:277–280

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Zasloff M (2002) Antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms. Nature 415:389–395

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Desgranges S, Ruddle CC, Burke LP et al (2012) β-Lactam-host defence peptide conjugates as antibiotic prodrug candidates targeting resistant bacteria. RSC Adv 2:2480–2492

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Kennedy DA, Vembu N, Fronczek FR et al (2011) Synthesis of mutual azo prodrugs of anti-inflammatory agents and peptides facilitated by α-aminoisobutyric acid. J Org Chem 76:9641–9647

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Desgranges S, Le Prieult F, Daly A et al (2011) In vitro activities of synthetic host defense propeptides processed by neutrophil elastase against cystic fibrosis pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55:2487–2489

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Forde É, Schütte A, Reeves E et al (2016) Differential in vitro and in vivo toxicities of antimicrobial peptide prodrugs for potential use in cystic fibrosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60:2813–2821

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Smyth TP, O’Donnell ME, O’Connor MJ et al (2000) β-lactamase-dependent prodrugs - recent developments. Tetrahedron 56:5699–5707

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hu Q, Katti PS, Gu Z (2014) Enzyme-responsive nanomaterials for controlled drug delivery. Nanoscale 21:12273–12286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Merrifield RB (1986) Solid phase synthesis. Science 232:341–347

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Hyde C, Johnson T, Owen D et al (1994) Some ‘difficult sequences’ made easy. A study of interchain association in solid phase peptide synthesis. Int J Pept Protein Res 43:431–440

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Mergler M, Dick F, Sax B et al (2003) The aspartimide problem in Fmoc-based SPPS. Part II. J Pept Sci 9:518–526

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Dubin G (2002) Extracellular proteases of Staphylococcus spp. Biol Chem 383:1075–1086

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Hensbergen PJ, Klychnikov O, Bakker D et al (2014) A novel secreted metalloprotease (CD2830) from Clostridium difficile cleaves specific proline sequences in LPXTG cell surface proteins. Mol Cell Proteomics 5:1231–1244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Fields GB (2010) Using fluorogenic peptide substrates to assay matrix metalloproteinases. Methods Mol Biol 622:393–433

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Hansen PR, Oddo A (2015) Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Methods Mol Biol 1348:33–50

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Pedersen SL, Jensen KJ (2013) Instruments for automated peptide synthesis. Methods Mol Biol 1047:215–224

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This material is based upon works supported by the Science Foundation Ireland under Grants 05/RFP/CHE0063, 06/RFP/CHO024, 06/RFP/CHO024/EC07 and SFI 08/RFP/CHE1563, Enterprise Ireland under Grant PC/2005/164, RCSI under the RCSI Student Research Programme and the Higher Education Authority, Ireland under the BioAT programme in Cycle 5 of the Programme for Research in Third-Level Institutions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marc Devocelle .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media LLC

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Forde, É.B., Kelly, G., Makki, H., Al-Sharshahi, Z., Fitzgerald-Hughes, D., Devocelle, M. (2017). Using Disease-Associated Enzymes to Activate Antimicrobial Peptide Prodrugs. In: Hansen, P. (eds) Antimicrobial Peptides. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1548. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6737-7_26

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6737-7_26

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6735-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6737-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics