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Selection of Optimal Pulse Sequences for fMRI

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fMRI Techniques and Protocols

Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 119))

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Abstract

In this chapter, we discuss technical considerations regarding pulse sequence selection and sequence parameter selection that can affect fMRI studies. The major focus is on optimizing MRI data acquisitions for blood oxygen level-dependent signal detection. Specific recommendations are made for generic 1.5, 3, and 7 T MRI scanners.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The flip angle can also affect the contrast of the generated images, but for simplicity, we focus here on the more intuitive parameters TE and TR.

  2. 2.

    up to the limits of the gradient hardware and not without various drawbacks.

  3. 3.

    Eddy currents are currents induced in gradient coils and other scanner components from the rapidly changing fields generated by the gradient coils.

  4. 4.

    In addition, a mixed mode EPI has been used in the literature known as ASE, or asymmetric spin echo. This is a SE EPI with the acquisition window shifted to be centered on a time point early on in the SE evolution. The result is an acquisition that has, in a sense, adjustable sensitivity to capillary and venous signal.

  5. 5.

    There are, of course, other parameters that can affect this, such as gradient slew rate, partial fourier and/or field-of-view acquisition, etc.

  6. 6.

    More accurately, retrospective motion correction techniques will be more effective.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA

    Mark J. Lowe Ph.D. & Erik B. Beall Ph.D.

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  1. Mark J. Lowe Ph.D.
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  2. Erik B. Beall Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Mark J. Lowe Ph.D. .

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  1. Neuroimaging Research Unit, INSPE, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy

    Massimo Filippi

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Lowe, M.J., Beall, E.B. (2016). Selection of Optimal Pulse Sequences for fMRI. In: Filippi, M. (eds) fMRI Techniques and Protocols. Neuromethods, vol 119. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-5611-1_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-5611-1_3

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