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Injury Models of the Central Nervous System pp 611–624Cite as

Determination of Vascular Reactivity of Middle Cerebral Arteries from Stroke and Spinal Cord Injury Animal Models Using Pressure Myography

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Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1462))

Abstract

Stroke and other neurovascular derangements are main causes of global death. They, along with spinal cord injuries, are responsible for being the principal cause of disability due to neurological and cognitive problems. These problems then lead to a burden on scarce financial resources and societal care facilities as well as have a profound effect on patients’ families. The mechanism of action in these debilitating diseases is complex and unclear. An important component of these problems arises from derangement of blood vessels, such as blockage due to clotting/embolism, endothelial dysfunction, and overreactivity to contractile agents, as well as alteration in endothelial permeability. Moreover, the cerebro-vasculature (large vessels and arterioles) is involved in regulating blood flow by facilitating auto-regulatory processes. Moreover, the anterior (middle cerebral artery and the surrounding region) and posterior (basilar artery and its immediate locality) regions of the brain play a significant role in triggering the pathological progression of ischemic stroke particularly due to inflammatory activity and oxidative stress. Interestingly, modifiable and non-modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are responsible for driving ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and spinal cord injury. There are different stroke animal models to examine the pathophysiology of middle cerebral and basilar arteries. In this context, arterial myography offers an opportunity to determine the etiology of vascular dysfunction in these diseases. Herein, we describe the technique of pressure myography to examine the reactivity of cerebral vessels to contractile and vasodilator agents and a prelude to stroke and spinal cord injury.

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Acknowledgements

This publication was made possible by grant # NPRP 4-571-3-171 and NPRP 5-409-3-112 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors.

Conflict of Interest

There are no potential conflicting interests to declare in the preparation of this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

    Mohammad A. Anwar & Ali H. Eid

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 11-0236, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon

    Ali H. Eid

Authors
  1. Mohammad A. Anwar
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  2. Ali H. Eid
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ali H. Eid .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Banyan Biomarkers, Inc., Alachua, Florida, USA

    Firas H. Kobeissy

  2. Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    C. Edward Dixon

  3. Banyan Biomarkers, Inc. , Alachua, Florida, USA

    Ronald L. Hayes

  4. Banyan Biomarkers, Inc., Alachua, Florida, USA

    Stefania Mondello

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Anwar, M.A., Eid, A.H. (2016). Determination of Vascular Reactivity of Middle Cerebral Arteries from Stroke and Spinal Cord Injury Animal Models Using Pressure Myography. In: Kobeissy, F., Dixon, C., Hayes, R., Mondello, S. (eds) Injury Models of the Central Nervous System. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1462. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3816-2_33

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3816-2_33

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3814-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3816-2

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