Abstract
Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Korean ginseng) is a popular herbal medicine. It has been used in Chinese and Oriental medicines since thousands of years. Ginseng products are generally used as a tonic and an adaptogen to resist the adverse influence of a wide range of physical, chemical and biological factors, and to restore homeostasis. Ginsenosides or ginseng saponins are the principal active ingredients of ginseng. Since ginseng cultivation process is very slow and needs specific environment for field cultivation, cell and tissue cultures are sought as alternatives for the production of ginseng biomass and bioactive compounds. In this chapter, we focus on methods of induction of adventitious roots from ginseng roots, establishment of adventitious root suspension cultures using bioreactors, procedures for processing of adventitious roots, and analysis of ginsenosides by high pressure liquid chromatography.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Choi KT (2008) Botanical characteristics, pharmacological effects and medicinal components of Korean Panax ginseng C A Meyer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 29:1109–1118
Kim HJ, Kim P, Shin CY (2013) A comprehensive review of the therapeutic and pharmacological effects of ginseng and ginsenosides in central nervous system. J Ginseng Res 37:8–29
Kim JH (2012) Cardiovascular diseases and Panax ginseng: a review on molecular mechanisms and medical applications. J Ginseng Res 36:16–26
Tung NH, Uto T, Morinaga O, Kim YH, Shoyama Y (2012) Pharmacological effects of ginseng liver functions and diseases: a minireview. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. doi:10.1155/2012/173297
Neale C, Camfield D, Reay J, Stough C, Scholey A (2013) Cognitive effects of two nutraceuticals ginseng and bacopa benchmarked against modafinil: a review and comparison of effect sizes. Br J Clin Pharmacol 75:728–737
Kennedy DO, Scholey AB (2003) Ginseng: potential for enhancement of cognitive performance and mood. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 75:687–800
Park JD, Rhee DW, Lee YH (2005) Biological activities and chemistry of saponin from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Phytochem Rev 4:159–175
Liberti LE, Der Mardersian A (1978) Evaluation of commercial ginseng products. J Pharm Sci 10:1487–1489
Phillipson JD, Anderson LA (1984) Ginseng-quality, safety and efficacy? Pharm J 232:161–165
Paek KY, Murthy HN, Hahn EJ, Zhong JJ (2009) Large scale culture of ginseng adventitious roots for production of ginsenosides. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 113:151–176
Murthy HN, Lee EJ, Paek KY (2014) Production of secondary metabolites from cell and organ cultures: strategies and approaches for biomass improvement and metabolite accumulation. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult. doi:10.1007/s11240-014-0467-7
Murthy HN, Georgiev MI, Kim YS, Jeong CS, Kim SJ, Park SY, Paek KY (2014) Ginsenosides: prospective for sustainable biotechnological production. Appl Mirobiol Biotechnol. doi:10.1007/s00253-014-5801-9
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497
Ochatt SJ (2008) Flow cytometry in Plant breeding. Cytometry A 73A:581–598
Johanston JS, Bennett MD, Rayburn L, Galbraith DW, Price HJ (1999) Reference standards for determination of DNA content of plant nuclei. Am J Bot 86:609–613
Kim SJ, Murthy HN, Hahn EJ, Lee HL, Paek KY (2008) Effect of processing methods on the concentrations of bioactive components of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) adventitious roots. LWT-Food Sci Technol 41:959–964
Kim SJ, Murthy HN, Hahn EJ, Lee HL, Paek KY (2007) Parameters affecting the extraction of ginsenosides from the adventitious roots of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). Separ Purif Technol 56:401–406
Mabry TJ, Markham KR, Thomas MB (eds) (1970) The systematic identification of flavonoids. Springer, New York
Brand-Williams W, Couvelier ME, Berset C (1995) Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food Sci Technol 28:25–30
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Ministry of Science, ICT and Planning (MSIP), Republic of Korea. Dr. H.N. Murthy is thankful to the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Republic of Korea for the award of Brain Pool Fellowship (131S-4-3-0523).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Murthy, H.N., Paek, K.Y. (2016). Panax ginseng Adventitious Root Suspension Culture: Protocol for Biomass Production and Analysis of Ginsenosides by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. In: Jain, S. (eds) Protocols for In Vitro Cultures and Secondary Metabolite Analysis of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Second Edition. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1391. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3332-7_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3332-7_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3330-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3332-7
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols