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Exosomes in Cancer Disease

  • Protocol
Cancer Gene Profiling

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1381))

Abstract

Cancer diagnosis and therapy is steadily improving. Still, diagnosis is frequently late and diagnosis and follow-up procedures mostly are time-consuming and expensive. Searching for tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) in body fluids may provide an alternative, minimally invasive, yet highly reliable diagnostic tool. Beyond this, there is strong evidence that TEX could become a potent therapeutics.

Exosomes, small vesicles delivered by many cells of the organism, are found in all body fluids. Exosomes are characterized by lipid composition, common and donor cell specific proteins, mRNA, small non-coding RNA including miRNA and DNA. Particularly the protein and miRNA markers received much attention as they may allow for highly specific diagnosis and can provide hints toward tumor aggressiveness and progression, where exosome-based diagnosis and follow-up is greatly facilitated by the recovery of exosomes in body fluids, particularly the peripheral blood. Beyond this, exosomes are the most important intercellular communicators that modulate, instruct, and reprogram their surrounding as well as distant organs. In concern about TEX this includes message transfer from tumor cells toward the tumor stroma, the premetastatic niche, the hematopoietic system and, last but not least, the instruction of non-cancer stem cells by cancer-initiating cells (CIC). Taking this into account, it becomes obvious that “tailored” exosomes offer themselves as potent therapeutic delivery system.

In brief, during the last 4–5 years there is an ever-increasing, overwhelming interest in exosome research. This boom appears fully justified provided the content of the exosomes becomes most thoroughly analyzed and their mode of intercellular interaction can be unraveled in detail as this knowledge will open new doors toward cancer diagnosis and therapy including immunotherapy and CIC reprogramming.

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Acknowledgement

Grant support: This investigation was supported by the German Cancer Aid (grant No: 109144) and the Wilhelm-Sander Stiftung.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, im Neuenheimer Feld 365, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Margot Zöller

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  1. Margot Zöller
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Correspondence to Margot Zöller .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany

    Robert Grützmann

  2. Department of Surgery, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany

    Christian Pilarsky

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Zöller, M. (2016). Exosomes in Cancer Disease. In: Grützmann, R., Pilarsky, C. (eds) Cancer Gene Profiling. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1381. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3204-7_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3204-7_7

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3203-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3204-7

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