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Prenatal and Postnatal Determinants of Development pp 21–39Cite as

In Utero Electroporation Methods in the Study of Cerebral Cortical Development

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Part of the Neuromethods book series (NM,volume 109)

Abstract

Research in the field of cortical development has benefited from technical advances in recent years, and tools are now available to label, monitor, and modulate cohorts of cerebral cortical neurons using in vivo approaches. Substantial populations of cerebral cortical neurons are generated in a specific sequence by the radial glia progenitors that line the ventricular surface during development. These radial progenitors self-renew and generate intermediate progenitors or neurons in a precisely choreographed fashion. Electroporation or electropermeabilization is a method that uses electric pulses to deliver molecules into cells and tissues. The in utero electroporation method has enabled the field to administer plasmids to these neural progenitors, allowing temporal and cell type-specific control for the manipulation of gene expression. For this reason, in utero electroporation has become a central technique in the study of key aspects of neural development, such as progenitor proliferation, neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and circuit formation. This method has also facilitated the exploitation of cell lineage and optogenetic techniques in various species from chick to gyrencephalic higher mammals. This chapter provides a description of the method and gives some examples for its utility in the study of cerebral cortical development and evolution.

Key words

  • Electroporation
  • Cerebral cortical neurogenesis
  • Neuronal migration
  • Radial glia
  • Intermediate progenitors
  • CLoNe
  • Cell lineage
  • Optogenetics

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK

    Isabel Martínez-Garay, Fernando García-Moreno, Navneet Vasistha, Andre Marques-Smith & Zoltán Molnár

  2. Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK

    Isabel Martínez-Garay

  3. Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

    Navneet Vasistha

  4. MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King’s College London, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Hospital Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK

    Andre Marques-Smith

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  1. Isabel Martínez-Garay
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  2. Fernando García-Moreno
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  3. Navneet Vasistha
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  4. Andre Marques-Smith
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  5. Zoltán Molnár
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Correspondence to Isabel Martínez-Garay or Zoltán Molnár .

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  1. Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, The Ritchie Centre, Melbourne, Australia

    David W. Walker

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Martínez-Garay, I., García-Moreno, F., Vasistha, N., Marques-Smith, A., Molnár, Z. (2016). In Utero Electroporation Methods in the Study of Cerebral Cortical Development. In: Walker, D. (eds) Prenatal and Postnatal Determinants of Development. Neuromethods, vol 109. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3014-2_2

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