Skip to main content

Human Fetal and Adult Chondrocytes

  • Protocol
Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1340))

  • 2863 Accesses

Abstract

As the only cell type found in healthy adult cartilage, chondrocytes are the obvious and most direct starting point for cartilage tissue engineering. Human adult, juvenile, neonatal, and fetal chondrocytes have all been demonstrated to produce cartilage matrix components in vitro for production of engineered tissues. In this chapter, procedures are outlined for isolation of chondrocytes from human fetal and adult cartilage. Methods for expansion and cryopreservation of the cells and characterization of gene expression using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) analysis are also described.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Oldershaw RA (2012) Cell sources for the regeneration of articular cartilage: the past, the horizon and the future. Int J Exp Pathol 93:389–400

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Park S, Im G-I (2014) Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells for skeletal regeneration. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 20:381–391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Brittberg M (2008) Autologous chondrocyte implantation—technique and long-term follow-up. Injury 39(S1):S40–S49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Schulze M, Kuettner KE, Cole AA (2000) Human adult articular chondrocytes cultured in alginate beads maintain their phenotype in preparation for transplantation. Orthopäde 29:100–106

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Jakob M, Démarteau O, Suetterlin R et al (2004) Chondrogenesis of expanded adult human articular chondrocytes is enhanced by specific prostaglandins. Rheumatology 43:852–857

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Jakob M, Démarteau O, Schäfer D et al (2001) Specific growth factors during the expansion and redifferentiation of adult human articular chondrocytes enhance chondrogenesis and cartilaginous tissue formation in vitro. J Cell Biochem 81:368–377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Schrobback K, Klein TJ, Schuetz M et al (2011) Adult human articular chondrocytes in a microcarrier-based culture system: expansion and redifferentiation. J Orthop Res 29:539–546

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Jakob M, Démarteau O, Schäfer D et al (2003) Enzymatic digestion of adult human articular cartilage yields a small fraction of the total available cells. Connect Tissue Res 44:173–180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Dehne T, Karlsson C, Ringe J et al (2009) Chondrogenic differentiation potential of osteoarthritic chondrocytes and their possible use in matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation. Arthritis Res Ther 11:R133. doi:10.1186/ar2800

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Tallheden T, Bengtsson C, Brantsing C et al (2005) Proliferation and differentiation potential of chondrocytes from osteoarthritic patients. Arthritis Res Ther 7:R560–R568. doi:10.1186/ar1709

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Mahmoudifar N, Doran PM (2005) Tissue engineering of human cartilage in bioreactors using single and composite cell-seeded scaffolds. Biotechnol Bioeng 91:338–355

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Shahin K, Doran PM (2011) Improved seeding of chondrocytes into polyglycolic acid scaffolds using semi-static and alginate loading methods. Biotechnol Prog 27:191–200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Saha S, Kirkham J, Wood D et al (2010) Comparative study of the chondrogenic potential of human bone marrow stromal cells, neonatal chondrocytes and adult chondrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 401:333–338

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Adkisson HD, Martin JA, Amendola RL et al (2010) The potential of human allogeneic juvenile chondrocytes for restoration of articular cartilage. Am J Sports Med 38:1324–1333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Mahmoudifar N, Doran PM (2010) Extent of cell differentiation and capacity for cartilage synthesis in human adult adipose-derived stem cells: comparison with fetal chondrocytes. Biotechnol Bioeng 107:393–401

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Saha S, Kirkham J, Wood D et al (2013) Informing future cartilage repair strategies: a comparative study of three different human cell types for cartilage tissue engineering. Cell Tissue Res 352:495–507

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Pleumeekers MM, Nimeskern L, Koevoet WLM et al (2014) The in vitro and in vivo capacity of culture-expanded human cells from several sources encapsulated in alginate to form cartilage. Eur Cell Mater 27:264–280

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Benya PD, Shaffer JD (1982) Dedifferentiated chondrocytes reexpress the differentiated collagen phenotype when cultured in agarose gels. Cell 30:215–224

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Aulthouse AL, Beck M, Griffey E et al (1989) Expression of the human chondrocyte phenotype in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 25:659–668

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Hardingham T, Tew S, Murdoch A (2002) Tissue engineering: chondrocytes and cartilage. Arthritis Res 4(S3):S63–S68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Murphy CL, Sambanis A (2001) Effect of oxygen tension and alginate encapsulation on restoration of the differentiated phenotype of passaged chondrocytes. Tissue Eng 7:791–803

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Schulze-Tanzil G, Mobasheri A, De Souza P et al (2004) Loss of chondrogenic potential in dedifferentiated chondrocytes correlates with deficient Shc–Erk interaction and apoptosis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 12:448–458

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Darling EM, Athanasiou KA (2005) Rapid phenotypic changes in passaged articular chondrocyte subpopulations. J Orthop Res 23:425–432

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Rackwitz L, Djouad F, Janjanin S et al (2014) Functional cartilage repair capacity of de-differentiated, chondrocyte- and mesenchymal stem cell-laden hydrogels in vitro. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 22:1148–1157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Barbero A, Grogan S, Schäfer D et al (2004) Age related changes in human articular chondrocyte yield, proliferation and post-expansion chondrogenic capacity. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 12:476–484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Shahin K, Doran PM (2011) Strategies for enhancing the accumulation and retention of extracellular matrix in tissue-engineered cartilage cultured in bioreactors. PLoS One 6(8):e23119. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Hubka KM, Dahlin RL, Meretoja VV et al (2014) Enhancing chondrogenic phenotype for cartilage tissue engineering: monoculture and coculture of articular chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 20:641–654

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Mahmoudifar N, Doran PM (2005) Tissue engineering of human cartilage and osteochondral composites using recirculation bioreactors. Biomaterials 26:7012–7024

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Vandesompele J, De Preter K, Pattyn F et al (2002) Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes. Genome Biol 3(7), research0034.1–0034.11

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kifah Shahin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Shahin, K., Mahmoudifar, N., Doran, P.M. (2015). Human Fetal and Adult Chondrocytes. In: Doran, P. (eds) Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1340. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2938-2_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2938-2_2

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2937-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2938-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics