Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies are emerging as promising treatment modalities in the management of the disease. As a result, cancer vaccines are considered to be immensely crucial in preventing recurrence, a well-known nemesis in cancer patients because they have the potential to activate memory antitumor immunity. Due to poor antigenicity and self-tolerance, most tumor antigens require interventional vaccine therapies to provide an adequate “danger” signal to the immune system in order to activate a robust, clinically meaningful antitumor immunity. It has been postulated that this requirement may be achieved by providing bacterial and/or viral immunogens to prime this type of immune response. Briefly, we provide here a method of transfecting whole tumor cells with plasmid DNA encoding an immunogenic bacterial protein such as Emm55, which was derived from Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes). Subsequent inactivation of the transfected cells by irradiation (100 Gray) prevents replication. This type of whole-cell vaccine, e.g., ImmuneFx™, has demonstrated activity in a murine neuroblastoma model, in canine lymphoma patients with naturally occurring disease, and in many cancer types in companion animals. The protocols described in this chapter provide the necessary materials and methodologies to manufacture such a vaccine.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Coley W (1893) The treatment of malignant tumors by repeated inoculations of Erysipelas: with a report of ten original cases. Am J Med 105:487–511
Lindenmann J, Klein PA (1967) Viral oncolysis: increased immunogenicity of host cell antigen associated with influenza virus. J Exp Med 126:93–102
Wolkers MC et al (2001) Redundancy of direct priming and cross-priming in tumor-specific CD8+ T cell responses. J Immunol 167:3577–3584
Nagorsen D, Thiel E (2006) Clinical and immunological responses to active specific cancer vaccines in human colorectal cancers. Clin Cancer Res 12:3064–3069
Neller MA et al (2008) Antigens for cancer immunotherapy. Semin Immunol 20:286–295
Lawman ML et al (2008) Anti-tumor response induced by autologous cancer vaccine in canine lymphoma. Cancer Ther 6:827–840
Guidance for human somatic cell therapy and gene therapy. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 1998
Acknowledgement
The development of the protocols and preclinical studies were funded by Morphogenesis, Inc.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Ramiya, V.K., Jerald, M.M., Lawman, P.D., Lawman, M.J.P. (2014). Autologous Tumor Cells Engineered to Express Bacterial Antigens. In: Lawman, M., Lawman, P. (eds) Cancer Vaccines. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1139. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0345-0_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0345-0_21
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-0344-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-0345-0
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols