Abstract
Perivascular cells represent an in vivo counterpart of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells that populate the outer layer of blood vessels. Pericytes in capillaries and microvessels and adventitial cells of large arteries and veins give rise to stem/progenitor cells when isolated and cultured in vitro. These cells have been considered candidate cell types for cell therapy. Adipose tissue, being highly vascularized, dispensable, and easily accessed, is a viable option to obtain perivascular cells for use in research and in clinical trials. Here, we describe our established protocol to extract perivascular cells from human fat through fluorescence-activated cell sorting, which allows for the isolation of defined populations of progenitor cells with high reproducibility.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Corselli M, Crisan M, Murray IR et al (2013) Identification of perivascular mesenchymal stromal/stem cells by flow cytometry. Cytometry 83(8):714–720. https://doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.22313
Caplan AI (2007) Adult mesenchymal stem cells for tissue engineering versus regenerative medicine. J Cell Physiol 213:341–347. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.21200
Crisan M, Yap S, Casteilla L et al (2008) A perivascular origin for mesenchymal stem cells in multiple human organs. Cell Stem Cell 3(3):301–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2008.07.003
Corselli M, Chen CW, Sun B et al (2012) The tunica adventitia of human arteries and veins as a source of mesenchymal stem cell. Stem Cells Dev 21:1299–1308. https://doi.org/10.1089/scd.2011.0200
Crisan M, Corselli M, Chen WC et al (2012) Perivascular cells for regenerative medicine. J Cell Mol Med 16:2851–2860. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01617.x
Si Z, Wang X, Sun C et al (2019) Adipose-derived stem cells: sources, potency, and implications for regenerative therapies. Biomed Pharmacother 114:108765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108765
Gomez-Salazar M, Gonzalez-Galofre ZN, Casamitjana J et al (2020) Five decades later, are mesenchymal stem cells still relevant? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 8:148. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.0014
Xu J, Wang Y, Hsu CY et al (2020) Lysosomal protein surface expression discriminates fat-from bone-forming human mesenchymal precursor cells. elife 9:e58990
Ding L, Vezzani B, Khan N et al (2020) CD10 expression identifies a subset of human perivascular progenitor cells with high proliferation and calcification potentials. Stem Cells 38:261–275. https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.3112
Hsu GC, Cherief M, Sono T et al (2021) Divergent effects of distinct perivascular cell subsets for intra-articular cell therapy in posttraumatic osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 39:2388–2397. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.24997
Negri S, Wang Y, Sono T et al (2020) Human perivascular stem cells prevent bone graft resorption in osteoporotic contexts by inhibiting osteoclast formation. Stem Cells Transl Med 9:1617–1630. https://doi.org/10.1002/sctm.20-0152
Xu J, Wang Y, Gomez-Salazar MA et al (2021) Bone-forming perivascular cells: cellular heterogeneity and use for tissue repair. Stem Cells 39:1427–1434. https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.3436
Wang Y, Xu J, Meyers CA et al (2020) PDGFRalpha marks distinct perivascular populations with different osteogenic potential within adipose tissue. Stem Cells 38:276–290. https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.3108
Selich A, Daudert J, Hass R et al (2016) Massive clonal selection and transiently contributing clones during expansion of mesenchymal stem cell cultures revealed by Lentiviral RGB-barcode technology. Stem Cells Transl Med 5:591–601. https://doi.org/10.5966/sctm.2015-0176
Galipeau J, Sensébé L (2018) Mesenchymal stromal cells: clinical challenges and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Stem Cell 22:824–833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2018.05.004
Capoccia BJ, Robson DL, Levac KD et al (2009) Revascularization of ischemic limbs after transplantation of human bone marrow cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Blood 113:5340–5351. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-04-154567
Gomez-Salazar MA, Wang Y, Thottappillil N et al (2023) Aldehyde dehydrogenase, a marker of normal and malignant stem cells, typifies mesenchymal progenitors in perivascular niches. Stem Cells Transl Med 12(7):474–484. https://doi.org/10.1093/stcltm/szad024
Acknowledgments
We thank the Hao Zhang and JHU flow cytometry facility.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Thottappillil, N., Gomez-Salazar, M.A., Archer, M., PĂ©ault, B., James, A.W. (2024). Isolation of Perivascular Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells from Human Adipose Tissue by Flow Cytometry. In: Gimble, J., Bunnell, B., Frazier, T., Sanchez, C. (eds) Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2783. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3762-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3762-3_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-3761-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-3762-3
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols