Abstract
The immune cell profiling capabilities of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) are powerful tools that can be applied to the design of theranostic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Using scRNA-seq to determine natively paired B-cell receptor (BCR) sequences of immunized mice as a starting point for design, this method outlines a simplified workflow to express single-chain antibody fragments (scFabs) on the surface of yeast for high-throughput characterization and further refinement with directed evolution experiments. While not extensively detailed in this chapter, this method easily accommodates the implementation of a growing body of in silico tools that improve affinity and stability among a range of other developability criteria (e.g., solubility and immunogenicity).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Tang X, Huang Y, Lei J et al (2019) The single-cell sequencing: new developments and medical applications. Cell Biosci 9:1–9
Cao Y, Qiu Y, Tu G et al (2020) Single-cell RNA sequencing in immunology. Curr Genomics 21:564–575
Goldstein LD, Chen YJJ, Wu J et al (2019) Massively parallel single-cell B-cell receptor sequencing enables rapid discovery of diverse antigen-reactive antibodies. Commun Biol 2:1–10
Wen W, Su W, Tang H et al (2020) Immune cell profiling of COVID-19 patients in the recovery stage by single-cell sequencing. Cell Discov 6:1–18
He B, Liu S, Wang Y et al (2021) Rapid isolation and immune profiling of SARS-CoV-2 specific memory B cell in convalescent COVID-19 patients via LIBRA-seq. Signal Transduct Target Ther 6:1–12
Setliff I, Shiakolas AR, Pilewski KA et al (2019) High-throughput mapping of B cell receptor sequences to antigen specificity. Cell 179:1636–1646.e15
Valldorf B, Hinz SC, Russo G et al (2022) Antibody display technologies: selecting the cream of the crop. Biol Chem 403:455–477
Bowley DR, Labrijn AF, Zwick MB et al (2007) Antigen selection from an HIV-1 immune antibody library displayed on yeast yields many novel antibodies compared to selection from the same library displayed on phage. Protein Eng Des Sel 20:81–90
Julian MC, Rabia LA, Desai AA et al (2019) Nature-inspired design and evolution of anti-amyloid antibodies. J Biol Chem 294:8438–8451
Boder ET, Wittrup KD (1997) Yeast surface display for screening combinatorial polypeptide libraries. Nat Biotechnol 15:553–557
Chao G, Lau WL, Hackel BJ et al (2006) Isolating and engineering human antibodies using yeast surface display. Nat Protoc 1:755–768
Stern LA, Schrack IA, Johnson SM et al (2016) Geometry and expression enhance enrichment of functional yeast-displayed ligands via cell panning. Biotechnol Bioeng 113:2328–2341
Pellegrini A, Guiñazú N, Aoki MP et al (2007) Spleen B cells from BALB/c are more prone to activation than spleen B cells from C57BL/6 mice during a secondary immune response to cruzipain. Int Immunol 19:1395–1402
Wu X, Ye J, DeLaitsch AT et al (2021) Chemoenzymatic synthesis of 9NHAc-GD2 antigen to overcome the hydrolytic instability of O-acetylated-GD2 for anticancer conjugate vaccine development. Angew Chemie - Int Ed 60:24179–24188
MojoSortâ„¢ Isolation Kits Protocol - 1, https://www.biolegend.com/en-us/protocols/mojosort-isolation-kits-protocol-1
MojoSortâ„¢ Streptavidin Nanobeads Protocol - Positive Selection, https://www.biolegend.com/protocols/mojosort-streptavidin-nanobeads-protocol-positive-selection/4748/
Analyzing V(D)J, Gene Expression & Feature Barcode with cellranger multi, https://support.10xgenomics.com/single-cell-vdj/software/pipelines/6.1/using/multi
10X Genomics (2021) Chromium Next GEM Single Cell 5′ Reagent Kits v2 (Dual Index) (CG000331• Rev C),
bcl2fastq2 Conversion Software v2.20 Software Guide (15051736), www.illumina.com/company/legal.html
NEB High Efficiency Transformation Protocol (C2987H/C2987I), https://international.neb.com/protocols/0001/01/01/high-efficiency-transformation-protocol-c2987
Xu J, Tack D, Hughes RA et al (2014) Structure-based non-canonical amino acid design to covalently crosslink an antibody-antigen complex. J Struct Biol 185:215–222
Schoeder CT, Schmitz S, Adolf-Bryfogle J et al (2021) Modeling immunity with Rosetta: methods for antibody and antigen design. Biochemistry 60:825–846
Warszawski S, Katz AB, Lipsh R et al (2019) Optimizing antibody affinity and stability by the automated design of the variable light-heavy chain interfaces. PLoS Comput Biol 15:e1007207
Marks C, Hummer AM, Chin M et al (2021) Humanization of antibodies using a machine learning approach on large-scale repertoire data. Bioinforma 37:4041–4047
Prihoda D, Maamary J, Waight A et al (2022) BioPhi: a platform for antibody design, humanization, and humanness evaluation based on natural antibody repertoires and deep learning. MAbs 14:2020203
Khetan R, Curtis R, Deane CM et al (2022) Current advances in biopharmaceutical informatics: guidelines, impact and challenges in the computational developability assessment of antibody therapeutics. MAbs 14:2020082
Yamawaki TM, Lu DR, Ellwanger DC et al (2021) Systematic comparison of high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq methods for immune cell profiling. BMC Genomics 22:1–18
Gao C, Zhang M, Chen L (2020) The comparison of two single-cell sequencing platforms: BD rhapsody and 10x genomics chromium. Curr Genomics 21:602–609
Picelli S, Björklund ÅK, Faridani OR et al (2013) Smart-seq2 for sensitive full-length transcriptome profiling in single cells. Nat Methods 10:1096–1100
Wang X, He Y, Zhang Q et al (2021) Direct comparative analyses of 10X genomics chromium and smart-seq2. Genom Proteom Bioinforma 19:253–266
See P, Lum J, Chen J et al (2018) A single-cell sequencing guide for immunologists. Front Immunol 9:2425
Safdari Y, Farajnia S, Asgharzadeh M et al (2013) Antibody humanization methods - a review and update. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 29:175–186
Jumper J, Evans R, Pritzel A et al (2021) Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold. Nature 596:583–589
Nivón LG, Moretti R, Baker D (2013) A Pareto-optimal refinement method for protein design scaffolds. PLoS One 8:e59004
Mendenhall J, Brown BP, Kothiwale S et al (2021) BCL::Conf: improved open-source knowledge-based conformation sampling using the crystallography open database. J Chem Inf Model 61:189–201
Rabia LA, Desai AA, Jhajj HS et al (2018) Understanding and overcoming trade-offs between antibody affinity, specificity, stability and solubility. Biochem Eng J 137:365–374
Raybould MIJ, Marks C, Krawczyk K et al (2019) Five computational developability guidelines for therapeutic antibody profiling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 116:4025–4030
Benatuil L, Perez JM, Belk J et al (2010) An improved yeast transformation method for the generation of very large human antibody libraries. Protein Eng Des Sel 23:155–159
Horns F, Quake SR (2020) Cloning antibodies from single cells in pooled sequence libraries by selective PCRF. PLoS One 15:e0236477
Thean RKR, Ong DXY, Heng ZSL et al (2021) To plate or to simply unfreeze, that is the question for optimal plasmid extraction. J Biomol Tech 32:57–62
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the Genomics Core at Michigan State University for assisting us with the documentation for the sequencing workflow. We would also like to thank Dr. Kevin Childs and Emily Crisovan of Michigan State University for the informative discussion on the 10× Genomics sequencing process and Michael Cartwright of 10× Genomics for providing advice on the cloning of antibodies from cDNA. Some of the figures produced above were created with BioRender.com.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Pascual, N., Belecciu, T., Schmidt, S., Nakisa, A., Huang, X., Woldring, D. (2023). Single-Cell B-Cell Sequencing to Generate Natively Paired scFab Yeast Surface Display Libraries. In: Zielonka, S., Krah, S. (eds) Genotype Phenotype Coupling. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2681. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3279-6_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3279-6_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-3278-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-3279-6
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols