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Lickometry to Circuitry: How Compulsion-Like Alcohol Drinking Microstructure Helped Discover Functional Differences in Salience Network Regions

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Translational Research Methods for Alcohol Use Disorders

Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 201))

Abstract

Problem alcohol drinking remains an enormous personal, social, and clinical challenge, and compulsion-like drinking (intake despite known negative consequences) can strongly contribute. Here we describe the lickometry method, a simple procedure (determining lick times) but, by analyzing many aspects of licking (or some other behavior), but with potential to provide important insights into underlying psychological and action strategies. We compare compulsion-like drinking with moderate challenge or higher challenge (ModChD or HiChD, quinine-alcohol) versus alcohol-only drinking (AOD). Classic studies suggest two main strategies during oral intake, more bouts of licking (indicating higher motivation), or longer (often faster) bouts (indicating higher palatability). In strong contrast, ModChD shows decreased variability of many lick measures, from lick speed to tongue shape, consistent with importance of automaticity in addiction. Further, and surprisingly, HiChD retains decreased tongue variability (and earlier bout start) seen with ModChD-versus-AOD, along with greatly disrupted intake. We relate these changes to regions of the Salience Network, which identifies and responds to important events. HiChD collapses mirrors inhibiting dorsal-medial prefrontal cortex (dMPF), while anterior insula cortex (AIC/ventral-frontal cortex) is linked to main value-driven action plan and also oral consumption. While AIC-dMPF likely work together, we find a novel dissociation in AIC-versus-dMPF function: AIC provides overall drive and firm commitment regardless of challenge level, while dMPF organizes action across time, but the battle for acting is won or lost in the dMPF.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Thatiane De Oliveira Sergio, Phillip A. Starski & Frederic W. Hopf

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  1. Thatiane De Oliveira Sergio
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  2. Phillip A. Starski
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  3. Frederic W. Hopf
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Correspondence to Thatiane De Oliveira Sergio .

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  1. Department of Psychology, Indiana University – Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Melissa A. Cyders

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Sergio, T.D.O., Starski, P.A., Hopf, F.W. (2023). Lickometry to Circuitry: How Compulsion-Like Alcohol Drinking Microstructure Helped Discover Functional Differences in Salience Network Regions. In: Cyders, M.A. (eds) Translational Research Methods for Alcohol Use Disorders. Neuromethods, vol 201. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3267-3_4

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