Abstract
Fluorescent proteins (FPs) revolutionized the cell biology research by visualizing the dynamics of cellular events. In fusion with the targeted proteins, the FPs can be utilized to monitor the protein dynamics and localization in cells. Recently, FPs have been used as reporters for live cell imaging to study the protein localization or organelles dynamics in plants, allowing cell biologists to explore the plant cell function by obtaining tremendous details of cell structures and functions in combination with confocal imaging. To facilitate the usage of fluorescent proteins for protein localization and dynamic analysis in plant cell biology research, here we describe the updated protocol of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana using fluorescent proteins to generate the stable expression transgenic plants for protein trafficking and localization study. We further use the GFP-tagged SDP1 (sugar-dependent protein) lipase, mCherry-tagged peroxisome marker, and BODYPY or Nile Red (lipid droplet staining dye) as examples to introduce the method for the protein localization analysis in plants.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Snapp EL (2009) Fluorescent proteins: a cell biologist’s user guide. Trends Cell Biol 19:649–655
Kremers G-J, Gilbert SG, Cranfill PJ et al (2011) Fluorescent proteins at a glance. J Cell Sci 124:157–160
Katoh Y, Nozaki S, Hartanto D et al (2015) Architectures of multisubunit complexes revealed by a visible immunoprecipitation assay using fluorescent fusion proteins. J Cell Sci 128:2351–2362
Chudakov DM, Lukyanov S, Lukyanov KA (2005) Fluorescent proteins as a toolkit for in vivo imaging. Trends Biotechnol 23:605–613
Zhang J, Campbell RE, Ting AY et al (2002) Creating new fluorescent probes for cell biology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3:906–918
Bayguinov PO, Oakley DM, Shih C-C et al (2018) Modern laser scanning confocal microscopy. Curr Protoc Cytom 85:e39
Valuchova S, Mikulkova P, Pecinkova J et al (2020) Imaging plant germline differentiation within Arabidopsis flowers by light sheet microscopy. elife 9:e52546
Komis G, Mistrik M, Šamajová O et al (2014) Dynamics and organization of cortical microtubules as revealed by superresolution structured illumination microscopy. Plant Physiol 165:129–148
Betzig E, Patterson GH, Sougrat R et al (2006) Imaging intracellular fluorescent proteins at nanometer resolution. Science 313:1642–1645
Komis G, Mistrik M, Šamajová O et al (2015) Superresolution live imaging of plant cells using structured illumination microscopy. Nat Protoc 10:1248–1263
Sparkes IA, Runions J, Kearns A et al (2006) Rapid, transient expression of fluorescent fusion proteins in tobacco plants and generation of stably transformed plants. Nat Protoc 1:2019–2025
Gao CJ, Luo M, Zhao Q et al (2014) A unique plant ESCRT component, FREE1, regulates multivesicular body protein sorting and plant growth. Curr Biol 24:2556–2563
Zeng Y, Li B, Ji C et al (2021) A unique AtSar1D-AtRabD2a nexus modulates autophagosome biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci 118:e2021293118
He F, Chen S, Ning Y et al (2016) Rice (Oryza sativa) protoplast isolation and its application for transient expression analysis. Curr Protoc Plant Biol 1:373–383
Miao Y, Jiang L (2007) Transient expression of fluorescent fusion proteins in protoplasts of suspension cultured cells. Nat Protoc 2:2348–2353
Clough SJ, Bent AF (1998) Floral dip: a simplified method for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 16:735–743
Zhang X, Henriques R, Lin S-S et al (2006) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana using the floral dip method. Nat Protoc 1:641–646
Boruc J, Van Damme D (2015) Endomembrane trafficking overarching cell plate formation. Curr Opin Plant Biol 28:92–98
Gadeyne A, Sánchez-RodrÃguez C, Vanneste S et al (2014) The TPLATE adaptor complex drives clathrin-mediated endocytosis in plants. Cell 156:691–704
Belda-Palazon B, Rodriguez L, Fernandez MA et al (2016) FYVE1/FREE1 interacts with the PYL4 ABA receptor and mediates its delivery to the vacuolar degradation pathway. Plant Cell 28:2291–2311
Gao CJ, Zhuang XH, Shen JB et al (2017) Plant ESCRT complexes: moving beyond endosomal sorting. Trends Plant Sci 22:986–998
Spitzer C, Reyes FC, Buono R et al (2009) The ESCRT-related CHMP1A and B proteins mediate multivesicular body sorting of auxin carriers in Arabidopsis and are required for plant development. Plant Cell 21:749–766
Yu F, Lou L, Tian M et al (2016) ESCRT-I component VPS23A affects ABA signaling by recognizing ABA receptors for endosomal degradation. Mol Plant 9:1570–1582
Siloto RMP, Findlay K, Lopez-Villalobos A et al (2006) The accumulation of oleosins determines the size of seed oil bodies in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 18:1961–1974
Poxleitner M, Rogers SW, Samuels AL et al (2006) A role for caleosin in degradation of oil-body storage lipid during seed germination. Plant J 47:917–933
Gidda SK, Park S, Pyc M et al (2016) Lipid droplet-associated proteins (LDAPs) are required for the dynamic regulation of neutral lipid compartmentation in plant cells. Plant Physiol 170:2052–2071
Pyc M, Cai YQ, Gidda SK et al (2017) Arabidopsis lipid droplet-associated protein (LDAP) interacting protein (LDIP) influences lipid droplet size and neutral lipid homeostasis in both leaves and seeds. Plant J 92:1182–1201
Thazar-Poulot N, Miquel M, Fobis-Loisy I et al (2015) Peroxisome extensions deliver the Arabidopsis SDP1 lipase to oil bodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:4158–4163
Deruyffelaere C, Purkrtova Z, Bouchez I et al (2018) PUX10 is a CDC48A adaptor protein that regulates the extraction of ubiquitinated oleosins from seed lipid droplets in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 30:2116–2136
Acknowledgments
We thank all the members in the lab for developing this protocol.
Author Contributions
S.H. and Y.Z. designed the concept and the organization of the manuscript; S.H. wrote the manuscript; Y.Z. edited the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Huang, S., Yonglun, Z. (2023). Fluorescent Fusion Protein Expression in Plant Cells. In: Sousa, Â., Passarinha, L. (eds) Advanced Methods in Structural Biology. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2652. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3147-8_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3147-8_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-3146-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-3147-8
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols