Skip to main content

Analysis of the Saliva Proteome Using 2D-DIGE

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Difference Gel Electrophoresis

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2596))

Abstract

Saliva is now an established biofluid with a number of important applications in use across research and clinical settings. Saliva contains an assortment of biomolecules, including proteins, metabolites, RNA, DNA, and microorganisms. Numerous biomolecules enter saliva from the blood by passing through the intercellular spaces, reflecting the physiological state of the body. Saliva can be collected directly or using one of the numerous devices/systems that are available, each of which has its own specific applications. The identification and classification of salivary biomolecules, using increasing advanced omics approaches, have contributed to the reality that saliva is a creditable diagnostic fluid for oral and systemic diseases.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Patel A, Patel S, Patel P, Tanavde V (2022) Saliva based liquid biopsies in head and neck cancer: how far are we from the clinic? Front Oncol 12:828434

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Lee YH, Wong DT (2009) Saliva: an emerging biofluid for early detection of diseases. Am J Dent 22:241–248

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Llena-Puy C (2006) The role of saliva in maintaining oral health and as an aid to diagnosis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 11:E449–E455

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Chundru VNS, Nirmal RM, Srikanth B, Bojji M, Midhun N, Lakshmi BJ (2021) Salivaomics for oral cancer detection: an insight. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 13(Suppl 1):S52–S56

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Bostanci N, Selevsek N, Wolski W, Grossmann J, Bao K, Wahlander A, Trachsel C, Schlapbach R, Öztürk V, Afacan B, Emingil G, Belibasakis GN (2018) Targeted proteomics guided by label-free quantitative proteome analysis in saliva reveal transition signatures from health to periodontal disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 17:1392–1409

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Figura M, Friedman A (2020) In search of Parkinson's disease biomarkers - is the answer in our mouths? A systematic review of the literature on salivary biomarkers of Parkinson's disease. Neurol Neurochir Pol 54:14–20

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Golatowski C, Salazar MG, Dhople VM, Hammer E, Kocher T, Jehmlich N, Völker U (2013) Comparative evaluation of saliva collection methods for proteome analysis. Clin Chim Acta 419:42–46

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Henson BS, Wong DT (2010) Collection, storage, and processing of saliva samples for downstream molecular applications. Methods Mol Biol 666:21–30

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Pappa E, Kousvelari E, Vastardis H (2019) Saliva in the "Omics" era: a promising tool in paediatrics. Oral Dis 25:16–25

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Lee JM, Garon E, Wong DT (2009) Salivary diagnostics. Orthod Craniofac Res 12:206–211

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Walz A, Stühler K, Wattenberg A, Hawranke E, Meyer HE, Schmalz G, Blüggel M, Ruhl S (2006) Proteome analysis of glandular parotid and submandibular-sublingual saliva in comparison to whole human saliva by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteomics 6:1631–1639

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Hiremath G, Olive A, Shah S, Davis CM, Shulman RJ, Devaraj S (2015) Comparing methods to collect saliva from children to analyze cytokines related to allergic inflammation. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 114:63–64

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Zimmermann BG, Park NJ, Wong DT (2007) Genomic targets in saliva. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1098:184–191

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Khurshid Z, Zohaib S, Najeeb S, Zafar MS, Slowey PD, Almas K (2016) Human saliva collection devices for proteomics: an update. Int J Mol Sci 17:846

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Malamud D (2011) Saliva as a diagnostic fluid. Dent Clin N Am 55:159–178

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Dowling P, Wormald R, Meleady P, Henry M, Curran A, Clynes M (2008) Analysis of the saliva proteome from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma reveals differences in abundance levels of proteins associated with tumour progression and metastasis. J Proteome 71:168–175

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paul Dowling .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this protocol

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this protocol

Dowling, P., O’Sullivan, E.M. (2023). Analysis of the Saliva Proteome Using 2D-DIGE. In: Ohlendieck, K. (eds) Difference Gel Electrophoresis. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2596. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2831-7_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2831-7_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-2830-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-2831-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics