Abstract
The rapid development of cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) enables the structure determination of macromolecules without the need for crystallization. Protein, protein–lipid, and protein–nucleic acid complexes can now be routinely resolved by cryo-EM single-particle analysis (SPA) to near-atomic or atomic resolution. Here we describe the structure determination of pure RNAs by SPA, from cryo-specimen preparation to data collection and 3D reconstruction. This protocol is useful to yield many cryo-EM structures of RNA, here exemplified by the Tetrahymena L-21 ScaI ribozyme at 3.1-Å resolution.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Zhang K, Pintilie GD, Li S et al (2020) Resolving individual atoms of protein complex by cryo-electron microscopy. Cell Res 30:1136–1139
Zhang K, Li S, Pintilie G, et al (2020) A 3.4-Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of the human coronavirus spike trimer computationally derived from vitrified NL63 virus particles. QRB Discov 1:e11
Roh S-H, Shekhar M, Pintilie G et al (2020) Cryo-EM and MD infer water-mediated proton transport and autoinhibition mechanisms of V complex. Sci Adv 6
Cogan DP, Zhang K, Li X et al (2021) Mapping the catalytic conformations of an assembly-line polyketide synthase module. Science 374:729–734
Zheng SQ, Palovcak E, Armache J-P et al (2017) MotionCor2: anisotropic correction of beam-induced motion for improved cryo-electron microscopy. Nat Methods 14:331–332
Li X, Mooney P, Zheng S et al (2013) Electron counting and beam-induced motion correction enable near-atomic-resolution single-particle cryo-EM. Nat Methods 10:584–590
Cheng A, Tan YZ, Dandey VP et al (2016) Strategies for automated CryoEM data collection using direct detectors. Methods Enzymol 579:87–102
Punjani A, Rubinstein JL, Fleet DJ et al (2017) cryoSPARC: algorithms for rapid unsupervised cryo-EM structure determination. Nat Methods 14:290–296
Chen M, Bell JM, Shi X et al (2019) A complete data processing workflow for cryo-ET and subtomogram averaging. Nat Methods 16:1161–1168
Scheres SHW (2012) RELION: implementation of a Bayesian approach to cryo-EM structure determination. J Struct Biol 180:519–530
Scheres SHW (2016) Processing of structurally heterogeneous Cryo-EM data in RELION. Methods Enzymol 579:125–157
Zhao Y, Schmid MF, Frydman J et al (2021) CryoEM reveals the stochastic nature of individual ATP binding events in a group II chaperonin. Nat Commun 12:4754
Zhang K, Zhang H, Li S et al (2019) Cryo-EM structures of vacuolating cytotoxin A oligomeric assemblies at near-atomic resolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 116:6800–6805
Punjani A, Fleet DJ (2021) 3D variability analysis: Resolving continuous flexibility and discrete heterogeneity from single particle cryo-EM. J Struct Biol 213:107702
Zhang K, Zheludev IN, Hagey RJ et al (2021) Cryo-EM and antisense targeting of the 28-kDa frameshift stimulation element from the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome. Nat Struct Mol Biol 28:747–754
Kappel K, Zhang K, Su Z et al (2020) Accelerated cryo-EM-guided determination of three-dimensional RNA-only structures. Nat Methods 17:699–707
Zhang K, Li S, Kappel K et al (2019) Cryo-EM structure of a 40 kDa SAM-IV riboswitch RNA at 3.7 Å resolution. Nat Commun 10:5511
Su Z, Zhang K, Kappel K et al (2021) Cryo-EM structures of full-length Tetrahymena ribozyme at 3.1 Å resolution. Nature 596:603–607
Tian S, Das R (2017) Primerize-2D: automated primer design for RNA multidimensional chemical mapping. Bioinformatics 33:1405–1406
Tian S, Yesselman JD, Cordero P et al (2015) Primerize: automated primer assembly for transcribing non-coding RNA domains. Nucleic Acids Res 43:522–526
Rohou A, Grigorieff N (2015) CTFFIND4: Fast and accurate defocus estimation from electron micrographs. J Struct Biol 192:216–221
Tang G, Peng L, Baldwin PR et al (2007) EMAN2: an extensible image processing suite for electron microscopy. J Struct Biol 157:38–46
Emsley P, Lohkamp B, Scott WG et al (2010) Features and development of Coot. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 66:486–501
Adams PD, Afonine PV, Bunkóczi G et al (2010) PHENIX: a comprehensive Python-based system for macromolecular structure solution. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 66:213–221
Pintilie G, Zhang K, Su Z et al (2020) Measurement of atom resolvability in cryo-EM maps with Q-scores. Nat Methods 17:328–334
Lawson CL, Kryshtafovych A, Adams PD et al (2021) Cryo-EM model validation recommendations based on outcomes of the 2019 EMDataResource challenge. Nat Methods 18:156–164
Torabi S-F, Chen Y-L, Zhang K et al (2021) Structural analyses of an RNA stability element interacting with poly(A). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 118
Zhang K, Keane SC, Su Z et al (2018) Structure of the 30 kDa HIV-1 RNA dimerization signal by a hybrid Cryo-EM, NMR, and molecular dynamics approach. Structure 26:490–498. e3
Mastronarde DN (2005) Automated electron microscope tomography using robust prediction of specimen movements. J Struct Biol 152:36–51
Henderson R (2013) Avoiding the pitfalls of single particle cryo-electron microscopy: Einstein from noise
Acknowledgment
This work is support by National Institutes of Health grants (P41GM103832 and R21AI145647 to WC) and start-up funding by the University of Science and Technology of China (KY9100000032 and KJ2070000080 to KZ). We thank Dr. Michael F. Schmid for helpful comments on the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Li, S., Zhang, K., Chiu, W. (2023). Near-Atomic Resolution Cryo-EM Image Reconstruction of RNA. In: Ding, J., Stagno, J.R., Wang, YX. (eds) RNA Structure and Dynamics. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2568. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2687-0_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2687-0_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-2686-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-2687-0
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols