Abstract
Neurons are polarized cells whose polarity and morphology rely on the robust localization of cellular organelles and cargo to axons or dendrites. Developing neurons require an active secretory pathway, which includes the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, to supply membrane and proteins to growing dendrites and axons. In some neurons, a subset of the Golgi called Golgi “outposts” localize to dendrites and contribute to local secretory networks. The movement and positioning of Golgi outposts have been correlated with dendrite branch growth and stabilization as the dendritic arbor is established. Live imaging is essential to capture the dynamic nature of these organelles. Here we outline a protocol to image and quantify Golgi outposts in peripheral sensory neurons in live, intact Drosophila larvae.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Hanus C, Ehlers MD (2008) Secretory outposts for the local processing of membrane cargo in neuronal dendrites. Traffic 9:1437–1445. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00775.x
Horton AC, Rácz B, Monson EE et al (2005) Polarized secretory trafficking directs cargo for asymmetric dendrite growth and morphogenesis. Neuron 48:757–771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2005.11.005
Ye B, Zhang Y, Song W et al (2007) Growing dendrites and axons differ in their reliance on the secretory pathway. Cell 130:717–729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.06.032
Ori-McKenney KM, Jan LY, Jan Y-N (2012) Golgi outposts shape dendrite morphology by functioning as sites of acentrosomal microtubule nucleation in neurons. Neuron 76:921–930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2012.10.008
Yalgin C, Ebrahimi S, Delandre C et al (2015) Centrosomin represses dendrite branching by orienting microtubule nucleation. Nat Neurosci 18:1437–1445. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4099
Yang SZ, Wildonger J (2020) Golgi outposts locally regulate microtubule orientation in neurons but are not required for the overall polarity of the dendritic cytoskeleton. Genetics 215:genetics.302979.2019. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.119.302979
Mukherjee A, Brooks PS, Bernard F et al (2020) Microtubules originate asymmetrically at the somatic Golgi and are guided via Kinesin2 to maintain polarity in neurons. elife 9:e58943. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.58943
Zhou W, Chang J, Wang X et al (2014) GM130 is required for compartmental organization of dendritic Golgi outposts. Curr Biol 24:1227–1233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.04.008
Zheng Y, Wildonger J, Ye B et al (2008) Dynein is required for polarized dendritic transport and uniform microtubule orientation in axons. Nat Cell Biol 10:1172–1180. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1777
Kelliher MT, Yue Y, Ng A et al (2018) Autoinhibition of kinesin-1 is essential to the dendrite-specific localization of Golgi outposts. J Cell Biol 217:2531–2547. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201708096
Lin C-H, Li H, Lee Y-N et al (2015) Lrrk regulates the dynamic profile of dendritic Golgi outposts through the golgin Lava lamp. J Cell Biol 210:471–483. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201411033
Grueber WB, Jan LY, Jan YN (2002) Tiling of the Drosophila epidermis by multidendritic sensory neurons. Dev Camb Engl 129:2867–2878
Han C, Jan LY, Jan Y-N (2011) Enhancer-driven membrane markers for analysis of nonautonomous mechanisms reveal neuron–glia interactions in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci 108:9673–9678. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1106386108
Jenkins BV, Saunders HAJ, Record HL et al (2017) Effects of mutating α-tubulin lysine 40 on sensory dendrite development. J Cell Sci 130:4120–4131. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.210203
Snapp EL, Iida T, Frescas D et al (2004) The Fusome mediates intercellular endoplasmic reticulum connectivity in Drosophila ovarian cysts. Mol Biol Cell 15:4512–4521. https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-06-0475
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by NIH R01 NS102385. We thank previous members of the Wildonger lab, especially Ashley Arthur, Sihui Yang, and Michael Kelliher, for their work optimizing the live imaging and the quantification of Golgi outposts in the class IV ddaC neurons.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Mitchell, J.W., Wildonger, J. (2023). Live Imaging of Golgi Outposts in Drosophila Dendritic Arbors. In: Wang, Y., Lupashin, V.V., Graham, T.R. (eds) Golgi. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2557. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2639-9_38
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2639-9_38
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-2638-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-2639-9
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols