Skip to main content

MALDI-2 and t-MALDI-2 Mass Spectrometry Imaging

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Small Molecules

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2437))

Abstract

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) combined with laser-induced postionization for MALDI-2 enables the simultaneous registration of numerous classes of small molecules (e.g., secondary metabolites including sterols) as well as phospholipids, glycolipids, and glycans from tissue sections and from cell cultures with strongly boosted ion yields. Here, we describe methodological aspects that are key for optimizing the analytical sensitivity and spatial resolution of a MALDI-2 imaging experiment. We will include both top-illumination MALDI-2 as well as the recently introduced transmission (t-) mode MALDI-2 approach.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Buchberger AR, DeLaney K, Johnson J, Li L (2018) Mass spectrometry imaging: a review of emerging advancements and future insights. Anal Chem 90:240–265

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. He L (ed) (2015) Mass spectrometry imaging of small molecules. Methods in molecular biology. Humana Press/Springer, New York, NY

    Google Scholar 

  3. Cole M (ed) (2015) Imaging mass spectrometry: methods and protocols. Methods in molecular biology. Humana Press/Springer, New York, NY

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kompauer M, Heiles S, Spengler B (2017) Atmospheric pressure MALDI mass spectrometry imaging of tissues and cells at 1.4-μm lateral resolution. Nat Methods 14:90–96

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Niehaus M, Soltwisch J, Belov ME, Dreisewerd K (2019) Transmission-mode MALDI-2 mass spectrometry imaging of cells and tissues at subcellular resolution. Nat Methods 16:925–931

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Dreisewerd K (2004) The desorption process in MALDI. Chem Rev 103:395–426

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Lu IC, Chu KY, Lin CY, Wu SY, Dyakov YA, Chen JL, Gray-Weale A, Lee YT, Ni CK (2015) Ion-to-neutral ratios and thermal proton transfer in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 26:1242–1251

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Boskamp MS, Soltwisch J (2020) Charge distribution between different classes of glycerophospolipids in MALDI-MS imaging. Anal Chem 92:5222–5230

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Taylor MJ, Lukowski JK, Anderton CR (2021) Spatially resolved mass spectrometry at the single cell: recent innovations in proteomics and metabolomics. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 32:872–894

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Dilmetz BA, Lee Y-R, Condina MR, Briggs M, Young C, Desire CT, Klingler-Hoffmann M, Hoffmann P (2021) Novel technical developments in mass spectrometry imaging in 2020: a mini review. Anal Sci Adv 2:225–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Soltwisch J, Kettling H, Vens-Cappell S, Wiegelmann M, Müthing J, Dreisewerd K (2015) Mass spectrometry imaging with laser-induced postionization. Science 348:211–215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Ellis S, Soltwisch J, Paine MRL, Dreisewerd K, Heeren RMA (2017) Laser post-ionisation combined with a high resolving orbitrap mass spectrometer for enhanced MALDI-MS imaging of lipids. Chem Commun 53:7246–7249

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Heijs B, Potthoff A, Soltwisch J, Dreisewerd K (2020) MALDI-2 for the enhanced analysis of N-linked glycans by mass spectrometry imaging. Anal Chem 92:13904–13911

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Barré FPY, Paine MRL, Flinders B, Trevitt AJ, Kelly PD, Ait-Belkacem R, Garcia JP, Creemers LB, Stauber J, Vreeken RJ, Cillero-Pastor B, Ellis SR, Heeren RMA (2019) Enhanced sensitivity using MALDI imaging coupled with laser postionization (MALDI-2) for pharmaceutical research. Anal Chem 91:10840–10848

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Soltwisch J, Heijs B, Koch A, Vens-Cappell S, Höhndorf J, Dreisewerd K (2020) MALDI-2 on a trapped ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight instrument for rapid mass spectrometry imaging and ion mobility separation of complex lipid profiles. Anal Chem 92:8697–8703

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Bednařík A, Bölsker S, Soltwisch J, Dreisewerd K (2018) An On-tissue Paternò-Büchi reaction for localization of carbon-carbon double bonds in phospho- and glycolipids by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed 57:12092–12096

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Niehaus M, Robinson KN, Murta T, Elia EA, Race AM, Yan B, Steven RT, Bunch J (2020) MALDI-2 at atmospheric pressure-parameter optimization and first imaging experiments. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 31:2287–2295

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Bien T, Bessler S, Dreisewerd K, Soltwisch J (2021) Transmission-mode MALDI mass spectrometry imaging of single cells: optimizing sample preparation protocols. Anal Chem 93:4513–4520

    Google Scholar 

  19. Bien T, Perl M, Machmüller AC, Nitsche U, Conrad A, Johannes L, Müthing J, Soltwisch J, Janssen KP, Dreisewerd K (2020) MALDI-2 mass spectrometry and immunohistochemistry imaging of Gb3Cer, Gb4Cer, and further glycosphingolipids in human colorectal cancer tissue. Anal Chem 92:7096–7105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Niehaus M, Soltwisch J (2018) New insights into mechanisms of material ejection in MALDI mass spectrometry for a wide range of spot sizes. Sci Rep 8:7755

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Potthoff A, Dreisewerd K, Soltwisch J (2020) Detailed characterization of the post-ionization efficiencies in MALDI-2 as a function of relevant input parameters. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 31:1844–1853

    Google Scholar 

  22. Dannhorn A, Kazanc E, Ling S, Nikula C, Karali E, Serra MP, Vorng J-L, Inglese P, Maglennon G, Hamm G, Swales J, Strittmatter N, Barry ST, Sansom OJ, Poulogiannis G, Bunch J, Goodwin RJA, Takats Z (2020) Universal sample preparation unlocking multimodal molecular tissue imaging. Anal Chem 92:11080–11088

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Deininger SO, Cornett DS, Paape R, Becker M, Pineau C, Rauser S, Walch A, Wolski E (2011) Normalization in MALDI-TOF imaging datasets of proteins: practical considerations. Anal Bioanal Chem 401:167–181

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the invaluable input and support from numerous expert colleagues, many of whom are listed as coauthors on the cited papers. Financial support by the German Research Foundation (DFG; grants DR416/9-1, project number 208319078, to K.D.; DR416/12-1 and SO976/3-1, project number 290343045, to K.D. and J.S.; and SO976/5-1, project number 400912714, to J.S.) and the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) of the Münster University Medical School (grant Drei2/018/17, to K.D. and J.S.) is gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Klaus Dreisewerd .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this protocol

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this protocol

Dreisewerd, K., Bien, T., Soltwisch, J. (2022). MALDI-2 and t-MALDI-2 Mass Spectrometry Imaging. In: Lee, YJ. (eds) Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Small Molecules. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2437. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2030-4_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2030-4_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-2029-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-2030-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics