Abstract
Models to study HIV latency have improved our understanding of the mechanisms involved in this process and have helped in the discovery and development of therapeutic strategies to eradicate HIV. Primary cell models are based on the in vitro generation of latently infected cells using CD4T cells isolated from blood, lymph nodes or other lymphoid organs. In this chapter, we describe the generation of HIV latently infected memory CD4T cells using blood naïve CD4T cells from peripheral blood with a phenotype resembling that of central memory CD4T cells. This model can be used to investigate the mechanisms involved in latency as well to develop strategies to target it.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bosque A, Planelles V (2009) Induction of HIV-1 latency and reactivation in primary memory CD4+ T cells. Blood 113(1):58–65. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-07-168393
Saleh S, Solomon A, Wightman F, Xhilaga M, Cameron PU, Lewin SR (2007) CCR7 ligands CCL19 and CCL21 increase permissiveness of resting memory CD4+ T cells to HIV-1 infection: a novel model of HIV-1 latency. Blood 110(13):4161–4164. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-06-097907
Yang HC, Xing S, Shan L, O’Connell K, Dinoso J, Shen A, Zhou Y, Shrum CK, Han Y, Liu JO, Zhang H, Margolick JB, Siliciano RF (2009) Small-molecule screening using a human primary cell model of HIV latency identifies compounds that reverse latency without cellular activation. J Clin Invest 119(11):3473–3486. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI39199
Marini A, Harper JM, Romerio F (2008) An in vitro system to model the establishment and reactivation of HIV-1 latency. J Immunol 181(11):7713–7720
Tyagi M, Pearson RJ, Karn J (2010) Establishment of HIV latency in primary CD4+ cells is due to epigenetic transcriptional silencing and P-TEFb restriction. J Virol 84(13):6425–6437. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01519-09
Lassen KG, Hebbeler AM, Bhattacharyya D, Lobritz MA, Greene WC (2012) A flexible model of HIV-1 latency permitting evaluation of many primary CD4 T-cell reservoirs. PLoS One 7(1):e30176. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030176
Martins LJ, Bonczkowski P, Spivak AM, De Spiegelaere W, Novis CL, DePaula-Silva AB, Malatinkova E, Trypsteen W, Bosque A, Vanderkerckhove L, Planelles V (2016) Modeling HIV-1 latency in primary T cells using a replication-competent virus. AIDS Res Hum Retrovir 32(2):187–193. https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2015.0106
Macedo AB, Resop RS, Martins LJ, Szaniawski MA, Sorensen ES, Spivak AM, Nixon DF, Jones RB, Planelles V, Bosque A (2018) Influence of biological sex, age and HIV status in an in vitro primary cell model of HIV latency using a CXCR4 tropic virus. AIDS Res Hum Retrovir 34(9):769–777. https://doi.org/10.1089/AID.2018.0098
Bonczkowski P, De Spiegelaere W, Bosque A, White CH, Van Nuffel A, Malatinkova E, Kiselinova M, Trypsteen W, Witkowski W, Vermeire J, Verhasselt B, Martins L, Woelk CH, Planelles V, Vandekerckhove L (2014) Replication competent virus as an important source of bias in HIV latency models utilizing single round viral constructs. Retrovirology 11:70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12977-014-0070-3
Novis CL, Archin NM, Buzon MJ, Verdin E, Round JL, Lichterfeld M, Margolis DM, Planelles V, Bosque A (2013) Reactivation of latent HIV-1 in central memory CD4(+) T cells through TLR-1/2 stimulation. Retrovirology 10:119. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-10-119
Bosque A, Nilson KA, Macedo AB, Spivak AM, Archin NM, Van Wagoner RM, Martins LJ, Novis CL, Szaniawski MA, Ireland CM, Margolis DM, Price DH, Planelles V (2017) Benzotriazoles reactivate latent HIV-1 through inactivation of STAT5 SUMOylation. Cell Rep 18(5):1324–1334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.022
Macedo AB, Novis CL, De Assis CM, Sorensen ES, Moszczynski P, Huang SH, Ren Y, Spivak AM, Jones RB, Planelles V, Bosque A (2018) Dual TLR2 and TLR7 agonists as HIV latency-reversing agents. JCI Insight 3(19):e122673. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.122673
Spina CA, Anderson J, Archin NM, Bosque A, Chan J, Famiglietti M, Greene WC, Kashuba A, Lewin SR, Margolis DM, Mau M, Ruelas D, Saleh S, Shirakawa K, Siliciano RF, Singhania A, Soto PC, Terry VH, Verdin E, Woelk C, Wooden S, Xing S, Planelles V (2013) An in-depth comparison of latent HIV-1 reactivation in multiple cell model systems and resting CD4+ T cells from aviremic patients. PLoS Pathog 9(12):e1003834. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003834
Duverger A, Wolschendorf F, Anderson JC, Wagner F, Bosque A, Shishido T, Jones J, Planelles V, Willey C, Cron RQ, Kutsch O (2014) Kinase control of latent HIV-1 infection: PIM-1 kinase as a major contributor to HIV-1 reactivation. J Virol 88(1):364–376. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02682-13
Larson EC, Novis CL, Martins LJ, Macedo AB, Kimball KE, Bosque A, Planelles V, Barrows LR (2017) Mycobacterium tuberculosis reactivates latent HIV-1 in T cells in vitro. PLoS One 12 (9):e0185162. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185162
White CH, Moesker B, Beliakova-Bethell N, Martins LJ, Spina CA, Margolis DM, Richman DD, Planelles V, Bosque A, Woelk CH (2016) Transcriptomic analysis implicates the p53 signaling pathway in the establishment of HIV-1 latency in central memory CD4 T cells in an in vitro model. PLoS Pathog 12(11):e1006026. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006026
Wolschendorf F, Bosque A, Shishido T, Duverger A, Jones J, Planelles V, Kutsch O (2012) Kinase control prevents HIV-1 reactivation in spite of high levels of induced NF-kappaB activity. J Virol 86(8):4548–4558. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.06726-11
Budhiraja S, Famiglietti M, Bosque A, Planelles V, Rice AP (2013) Cyclin T1 and CDK9 T-loop phosphorylation are downregulated during establishment of HIV-1 latency in primary resting memory CD4+ T cells. J Virol 87(2):1211–1220. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02413-12
Gavegnano C, Detorio M, Montero C, Bosque A, Planelles V, Schinazi RF (2014) Ruxolitinib and tofacitinib are potent and selective inhibitors of HIV-1 replication and virus reactivation in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58(4):1977–1986. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02496-13
Saayman S, Ackley A, Turner AW, Famiglietti M, Bosque A, Clemson M, Planelles V, Morris KV (2014) An HIV-encoded antisense long noncoding RNA epigenetically regulates viral transcription. Mol Ther 22(6):1164–1175. https://doi.org/10.1038/mt.2014.29
Trypsteen W, White CH, Mukim A, Spina CA, De Spiegelaere W, Lefever S, Planelles V, Bosque A, Woelk CH, Vandekerckhove L, Beliakova-Bethell N (2019) Long non-coding RNAs and latent HIV - a search for novel targets for latency reversal. PLoS One 14(11):e0224879. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224879
Murry JP, Godoy J, Mukim A, Swann J, Bruce JW, Ahlquist P, Bosque A, Planelles V, Spina CA, Young JA (2014) Sulfonation pathway inhibitors block reactivation of latent HIV-1. Virology 471-473:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2014.08.016
Bosque A, Famiglietti M, Weyrich AS, Goulston C, Planelles V (2011) Homeostatic proliferation fails to efficiently reactivate HIV-1 latently infected central memory CD4+ T cells. PLoS Pathog 7(10):e1002288. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002288
Ren Y, Huang SH, Patel S, Conce Alberto WD, Magat D, Ahimovic DJ, Macedo AB, Durga R, Chan D, Zale E, Mota TM, Truong R, Rohwetter T, McCann CD, Kovacs CM, Benko E, Wimpelberg A, Cannon CM, Hardy WD, Bosque A, Bollard CM, Jones RB (2020) BCL-2 antagonism sensitizes cytotoxic t cell-resistant hiv reservoirs to elimination ex vivo. J Clin Invest 130(5):2542–2559. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI132374
Huang SH, Ren Y, Thomas AS, Chan D, Mueller S, Ward AR, Patel S, Bollard CM, Cruz CR, Karandish S, Truong R, Macedo AB, Bosque A, Kovacs C, Benko E, Piechocka-Trocha A, Wong H, Jeng E, Nixon DF, Ho YC, Siliciano RF, Walker BD, Jones RB (2018) Latent HIV reservoirs exhibit inherent resistance to elimination by CD8+ T cells. J Clin Invest 128(2):876–889. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI97555
Sunshine S, Kirchner R, Amr SS, Mansur L, Shakhbatyan R, Kim M, Bosque A, Siliciano RF, Planelles V, Hofmann O, Ho Sui S, Li JZ (2016) HIV integration site analysis of cellular models of HIV latency with a probe-enriched next-generation sequencing assay. J Virol 90(9):4511–4519. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01617-15
Lusic M, Marini B, Ali H, Lucic B, Luzzati R, Giacca M (2013) Proximity to PML nuclear bodies regulates HIV-1 latency in CD4+ T cells. Cell Host Microbe 13(6):665–677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2013.05.006
Sherrill-Mix S, Lewinski MK, Famiglietti M, Bosque A, Malani N, Ocwieja KE, Berry CC, Looney D, Shan L, Agosto LM, Pace MJ, Siliciano RF, O’Doherty U, Guatelli J, Planelles V, Bushman FD (2013) HIV latency and integration site placement in five cell-based models. Retrovirology 10:90. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-10-90
Nguyen K, Das B, Dobrowolski C, Karn J (2017) Multiple histone lysine methyltransferases are required for the establishment and maintenance of HIV-1 latency. MBio 8(1):e00133-17. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00133-17
Dobrowolski C, Valadkhan S, Graham AC, Shukla M, Ciuffi A, Telenti A, Karn J (2019) Entry of polarized effector cells into quiescence forces HIV latency. MBio 10(2):e00337-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00337-19
Thomas AS, Jones KL, Gandhi RT, McMahon DK, Cyktor JC, Chan D, Huang SH, Truong R, Bosque A, Macedo AB, Kovacs C, Benko E, Eron JJ, Bosch RJ, Lalama CM, Simmens S, Walker BD, Mellors JW, Jones RB (2017) T-cell responses targeting HIV Nef uniquely correlate with infected cell frequencies after long-term antiretroviral therapy. PLoS Pathog 13(9):e1006629. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006629
Garcia JV, Miller AD (1991) Serine phosphorylation-independent downregulation of cell-surface CD4 by nef. Nature 350(6318):508–511. https://doi.org/10.1038/350508a0
Willey RL, Maldarelli F, Martin MA, Strebel K (1992) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu protein induces rapid degradation of CD4. J Virol 66(12):7193–7200
Acknowledgments
I would like to thank Indra Sarabia and Amanda B. Macedo for their input in the writing and proofreading of the manuscript. The work in A.B.’s lab is currently supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institute of Health grants R01-AI124722, R21/R33-AI116212, R01-AI147845, UM1-AI126617, and P30-AI117970.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Bosque, A. (2022). The Cultured TCM Model of HIV Latency. In: Poli, G., Vicenzi, E., Romerio, F. (eds) HIV Reservoirs. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2407. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1871-4_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1871-4_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-1870-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-1871-4
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols