Skip to main content

Purification and Immune Phenotyping of B-1 Cells from Body Cavities of Mice

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Regulatory B Cells

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2270))

Abstract

B-1 cells are fetal-origin B lymphocytes with unique developmental and functional characteristics that can generate natural, polyreactive antibodies with important functions in tissue homeostasis and immune defense. While B-1 cell frequencies in bone marrow and secondary lymphoid tissues are low, relative high frequencies exist within peritoneal and pleural cavities of mice, including both CD5+ and CD5 B-1 cells. These cells represent B-1 reservoirs that, when activated, migrate to lymphoid tissues to secrete antibodies and/or cytokines. Here, we outline efficient methods for the extraction and magnetic isolation of CD5+ B-1 cells from the peritoneal and pleural cavities as well as the separation and phenotypic characterization of CD5+ and CD5 B-1 cells by flow cytometry.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Baumgarth N (2011) The double life of a B-1 cell: self-reactivity selects for protective effector functions. Nat Rev Immunol 11(1):34–46. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2901

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Baumgarth N (2017) A hard(y) look at B-1 cell development and function. J Immunol 199(10):3387–3394. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1700943

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Stall AM, Adams S, Herzenberg LA, Kantor AB (1992) Characteristics and development of the murine B-1b (Ly-1 B sister) cell population. Ann N Y Acad Sci 651:33–43

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Savage HP, Klasener K, Smith FL, Luo Z, Reth M, Baumgarth N (2019) TLR induces reorganization of the IgM-BCR complex regulating murine B-1 cell responses to infections. elife 8. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.46997

  5. Baumgarth N, Herman OC, Jager GC, Brown L, Herzenberg LA (1999) Innate and acquired humoral immunities to influenza virus are mediated by distinct arms of the immune system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96(5):2250–2255

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Hooijkaas H, Benner R, Pleasants JR, Wostmann BS (1984) Isotypes and specificities of immunoglobulins produced by germ-free mice fed chemically defined ultrafiltered "antigen-free" diet. Eur J Immunol 14(12):1127–1130. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830141212

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bos NA, Kimura H, Meeuwsen CG, De Visser H, Hazenberg MP, Wostmann BS, Pleasants JR, Benner R, Marcus DM (1989) Serum immunoglobulin levels and naturally occurring antibodies against carbohydrate antigens in germ-free BALB/c mice fed chemically defined ultrafiltered diet. Eur J Immunol 19(12):2335–2339. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830191223

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Haury M, Sundblad A, Grandien A, Barreau C, Coutinho A, Nobrega A (1997) The repertoire of serum IgM in normal mice is largely independent of external antigenic contact. Eur J Immunol 27(6):1557–1563. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830270635

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Tornberg UC, Holmberg D (1995) B-1a, B-1b and B-2 B cells display unique VHDJH repertoires formed at different stages of ontogeny and under different selection pressures. EMBO J 14(8):1680–1689

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Kantor AB, Merrill CE, Herzenberg LA, Hillson JL (1997) An unbiased analysis of V(H)-D-J(H) sequences from B-1a, B-1b, and conventional B cells. J Immunol 158(3):1175–1186

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Notkins AL (2004) Polyreactivity of antibody molecules. Trends Immunol 25(4):174–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2004.02.004

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Stewart J (1992) Immunoglobulins did not arise in evolution to fight infection. Immunol Today 13(10):396–399. discussion 399-400

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Bouvet JP, Dighiero G (1998) From natural polyreactive autoantibodies to a la carte monoreactive antibodies to infectious agents: is it a small world after all? Infect Immun 66(1):1–4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Baumgarth N, Tung JW, Herzenberg LA (2005) Inherent specificities in natural antibodies: a key to immune defense against pathogen invasion. Springer Semin Immunopathol 26(4):347–362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-004-0182-2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Chen Y, Park YB, Patel E, Silverman GJ (2009) IgM antibodies to apoptosis-associated determinants recruit C1q and enhance dendritic cell phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. J Immunol 182(10):6031–6043. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0804191

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Chen GY, Tang J, Zheng P, Liu Y (2009) CD24 and Siglec-10 selectively repress tissue damage-induced immune responses. Science 323(5922):1722–1725. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1168988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Zhang M, Alicot EM, Chiu I, Li J, Verna N, Vorup-Jensen T, Kessler B, Shimaoka M, Chan R, Friend D, Mahmood U, Weissleder R, Moore FD, Carroll MC (2006) Identification of the target self-antigens in reperfusion injury. J Exp Med 203(1):141–152. doi:jem.20050390

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Kulik L, Fleming SD, Moratz C, Reuter JW, Novikov A, Chen K, Andrews KA, Markaryan A, Quigg RJ, Silverman GJ, Tsokos GC, Holers VM (2009) Pathogenic natural antibodies recognizing annexin IV are required to develop intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Immunol 182(9):5363–5373. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0803980

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Smith FL, Baumgarth N (2019) B-1 cell responses to infections. Curr Opin Immunol 57:23–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2018.12.001

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Baumgarth N, Herman OC, Jager GC, Brown LE, Herzenberg LA, Chen J (2000) B-1 and B-2 cell-derived immunoglobulin M antibodies are nonredundant components of the protective response to influenza virus infection. J Exp Med 192(2):271–280

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Choi YS, Baumgarth N (2008) Dual role for B-1a cells in immunity to influenza virus infection. J Exp Med 205(13):3053–3064. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20080979

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Jayasekera JP, Moseman EA, Carroll MC (2007) Natural antibody and complement mediate neutralization of influenza virus in the absence of prior immunity. J Virol 81(7):3487–3494. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02128-06

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Briles DE, Nahm M, Schroer K, Davie J, Baker P, Kearney J, Barletta R (1981) Antiphosphocholine antibodies found in normal mouse serum are protective against intravenous infection with type 3 streptococcus pneumoniae. J Exp Med 153(3):694–705

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Boes M, Prodeus AP, Schmidt T, Carroll MC, Chen J (1998) A critical role of natural immunoglobulin M in immediate defense against systemic bacterial infection. J Exp Med 188(12):2381–2386

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Ochsenbein AF, Fehr T, Lutz C, Suter M, Brombacher F, Hengartner H, Zinkernagel RM (1999) Control of early viral and bacterial distribution and disease by natural antibodies. Science 286(5447):2156–2159

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Zhou ZH, Zhang Y, Hu YF, Wahl LM, Cisar JO, Notkins AL (2007) The broad antibacterial activity of the natural antibody repertoire is due to polyreactive antibodies. Cell Host Microbe 1(1):51–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2007.01.002

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. O'Garra A, Chang R, Go N, Hastings R, Haughton G, Howard M (1992) Ly-1 B (B-1) cells are the main source of B cell-derived interleukin 10. Eur J Immunol 22(3):711–717. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830220314

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Rauch PJ, Chudnovskiy A, Robbins CS, Weber GF, Etzrodt M, Hilgendorf I, Tiglao E, Figueiredo JL, Iwamoto Y, Theurl I, Gorbatov R, Waring MT, Chicoine AT, Mouded M, Pittet MJ, Nahrendorf M, Weissleder R, Swirski FK (2012) Innate response activator B cells protect against microbial sepsis. Science 335(6068):597–601. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1215173

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Hayakawa K, Hardy RR, Herzenberg LA (1985) Progenitors for Ly-1 B cells are distinct from progenitors for other B cells. J Exp Med 161(6):1554–1568

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Kawahara T, Ohdan H, Zhao G, Yang YG, Sykes M (2003) Peritoneal cavity B cells are precursors of splenic IgM natural antibody-producing cells. J Immunol 171(10):5406–5414

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Tumang JR, Frances R, Yeo SG, Rothstein TL (2005) Spontaneously Ig-secreting B-1 cells violate the accepted paradigm for expression of differentiation-associated transcription factors. J Immunol 174(6):3173–3177

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Yang Y, Tung JW, Ghosn EE, Herzenberg LA (2007) Division and differentiation of natural antibody-producing cells in mouse spleen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(11):4542–4546. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0700001104

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. McIntyre TM, Holmes KL, Steinberg AD, Kastner DL (1991) CD5+ peritoneal B cells express high levels of membrane, but not secretory, C mu mRNA. J Immunol 146(10):3639–3645

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Choi YS, Dieter JA, Rothaeusler K, Luo Z, Baumgarth N (2012) B-1 cells in the bone marrow are a significant source of natural IgM. Eur J Immunol 42(1):120–129. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.201141890

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Martin F, Oliver AM, Kearney JF (2001) Marginal zone and B1 B cells unite in the early response against T-independent blood-borne particulate antigens. Immunity 14(5):617–629

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Ohdan H, Swenson KG, Kruger Gray HS, Yang YG, Xu Y, Thall AD, Sykes M (2000) Mac-1-negative B-1b phenotype of natural antibody-producing cells, including those responding to gal alpha 1,3Gal epitopes in alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase-deficient mice. J Immunol 165(10):5518–5529

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Ha SA, Tsuji M, Suzuki K, Meek B, Yasuda N, Kaisho T, Fagarasan S (2006) Regulation of B1 cell migration by signals through toll-like receptors. J Exp Med 203(11):2541–2550

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Cole LE, Yang Y, Elkins KL, Fernandez ET, Qureshi N, Shlomchik MJ, Herzenberg LA, Vogel SN (2009) Antigen-specific B-1a antibodies induced by Francisella tularensis LPS provide long-term protection against F. tularensis LVS challenge. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(11):4343–4348. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0813411106

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Nisitani S, Tsubata T, Murakami M, Honjo T (1995) Administration of interleukin-5 or −10 activates peritoneal B-1 cells and induces autoimmune hemolytic anemia in anti-erythrocyte autoantibody-transgenic mice. Eur J Immunol 25(11):3047–3052. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830251110

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Murakami M, Tsubata T, Shinkura R, Nisitani S, Okamoto M, Yoshioka H, Usui T, Miyawaki S, Honjo T (1994) Oral administration of lipopolysaccharides activates B-1 cells in the peritoneal cavity and lamina propria of the gut and induces autoimmune symptoms in an autoantibody transgenic mouse. J Exp Med 180(1):111–121

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Alugupalli KR, Leong JM, Woodland RT, Muramatsu M, Honjo T, Gerstein RM (2004) B1b lymphocytes confer T cell-independent long-lasting immunity. Immunity 21(3):379–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2004.06.019

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Haas KM, Poe JC, Steeber DA, Tedder TF (2005) B-1a and B-1b cells exhibit distinct developmental requirements and have unique functional roles in innate and adaptive immunity to S. pneumoniae. Immunity 23(1):7–18. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.04.011

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Gil-Cruz C, Bobat S, Marshall JL, Kingsley RA, Ross EA, Henderson IR, Leyton DL, Coughlan RE, Khan M, Jensen KT, Buckley CD, Dougan G, MacLennan IC, Lopez-Macias C, Cunningham AF (2009) The porin OmpD from nontyphoidal Salmonella is a key target for a protective B1b cell antibody response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(24):9803–9808. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812431106

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Kroese FG, Butcher EC, Stall AM, Lalor PA, Adams S, Herzenberg LA (1989) Many of the IgA producing plasma cells in murine gut are derived from self-replenishing precursors in the peritoneal cavity. Int Immunol 1(1):75–84

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Rosado MM, Aranburu A, Capolunghi F, Giorda E, Cascioli S, Cenci F, Petrini S, Miller E, Leanderson T, Bottazzo GF, Natali PG, Carsetti R (2009) From the fetal liver to spleen and gut: the highway to natural antibody. Mucosal Immunol 2(4):351–361. https://doi.org/10.1038/mi.2009.15

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Savage HP, Yenson VM, Sawhney SS, Mousseau BJ, Lund FE, Baumgarth N (2017) Blimp-1-dependent and -independent natural antibody production by B-1 and B-1-derived plasma cells. J Exp Med. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20161122

  47. Baumgarth N (2004) B-cell immunophenotyping. Methods Cell Biol 75:643–662

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Wells SM, Kantor AB, Stall AM (1994) CD43 (S7) expression identifies peripheral B cell subsets. J Immunol 153(12):5503–5515

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Herzenberg LA, Stall AM, Braun J, Weaver D, Baltimore D, Grosschedl R (1987) Depletion of the predominant B-cell population in immunoglobulin mu heavy-chain transgenic mice. Nature 329(6134):71–73. https://doi.org/10.1038/329071a0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Zeng Z, Surewaard BGJ, Wong CHY, Guettler C, Petri B, Burkhard R, Wyss M, Le Moual H, Devinney R, Thompson GC, Blackwood J, Joffe AR, McCoy KD, Jenne CN, Kubes P (2018) Sex-hormone-driven innate antibodies protect females and infants against EPEC infection. Nat Immunol 19(10):1100–1111. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-018-0211-2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Kim KJ, Kanellopoulos-Langevin C, Merwin RM, Sachs DH, Asofsky R (1979) Establishment and characterization of BALB/c lymphoma lines with B cell properties. J Immunol 122(2):549–554

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Pattengale PK, Frith CH (1983) Immunomorphologic classification of spontaneous lymphoid cell neoplasms occurring in female BALB/c mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 70(1):169–179

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Data for the B-1 cell FACS-sorts were kindly provided by Dr. Elizabeth E. Waffarn (Columbia University). This work was supported in part by NIH U19AI109962 and AI117890.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nicole Baumgarth .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this protocol

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this protocol

Yenson, V., Baumgarth, N. (2021). Purification and Immune Phenotyping of B-1 Cells from Body Cavities of Mice. In: Mion, F., Tonon, S. (eds) Regulatory B Cells. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2270. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1237-8_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1237-8_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-1236-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-1237-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics