Abstract
The embryonated egg is a complex structure comprised of an embryo and its supporting membranes (chorioallantoic, amniotic, and yolk). The developing embryo and its membranes provide a diversity of cell types that allow for the successful replication of a wide variety of different viruses. Within the family Coronaviridae the embryonated egg has been used as a host system primarily for two avian coronaviruses within the genus Gammacoronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and turkey coronavirus (TCoV). IBV replicates well in the embryonated chicken egg, regardless of inoculation route; however, the allantoic route is favored as the virus replicates well in epithelium lining the chorioallantoic membrane, with high virus titers found in these membranes and associated allantoic fluids. TCoV replicates only in epithelium lining the embryo intestines and bursa of Fabricius; thus, amniotic inoculation is required for isolation and propagation of this virus. Embryonated eggs also provide a potential host system for detection, propagation, and characterization of other, novel coronaviruses.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adams NR, Hofstad MS (1970) Isolation of transmissible enteritis agent of turkeys in avian embryos. Avian Dis 15:426–433
Cavanagh D, Naqi SA (2003) Infectious bronchitis. In: Saif YM, Barnes HJ, Fadly A, Glisson JR, McDougald LR, Swayne DE (eds) Diseases of poultry, 11th edn. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, pp 101–120
Guy JS (2013) Turkey coronavirus enteritis. In: Swayne DE, Glisson JR, McDougald LR (eds) Diseases of poultry, 13th edn. Ames, Iowa, Wiley-Blackwell, pp 376–381
Gough RE, Cox WJ, Winkler CE, Sharp MW, Spackman D (1996) Isolation and identification of infectious bronchitis virus from pheasants. Vet Rec 138:208–209
Liu S, Chen J, Kong X, Shao Y, Han Z, Feng L, Cai X, Gu S, Liu M (2005) Isolation of infectious bronchitis coronavirus from domestic peafowl (Pavo cristatus) and teal (Anas). J Gen Virol 86:719–725
Qian DH, Zhu GJ, Wu LZ, Hua GX (2006) Isolation and characterization of a coronavirus from pigeons with pancreatitis. Am J Vet Res 67:1575–1579
Hawkes RA (1979) General principals underlying laboratory diagnosis of viral infections. In: Lennette EH, Schmidt NJ (eds) Diagnostic procedures for viral, rickettsial and chlamydial infections, 5th edn. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, pp 1–48
Senne DA (2008) Virus propagation in embryonating eggs. In: Dufour-Zavala L, Swayne DE, Glisson JR, Pearson JE, Reed WM, Jackwood MW, Woolcock PR (eds) A laboratory manual for isolation and identification of avian pathogens, 5th edn. American Association of Avian Pathologists, Jacksonville, FL, pp 204–208
Cavanagh D (2003) Severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccine development: experiences of vaccination against avian infectious bronchitis virus. Avian Pathol 32:567–582
Jordan FTW, Nassar TJ (1973) The combined influence of age of embryo, temperature and duration of incubation on the replication and yield of avian infectious bronchitis virus in the developing chick embryo. Avian Pathol 2:279–294
Guy JS (2000) Turkey coronavirus is more closely related to avian infectious bronchitis virus that to mammalian coronaviruses: a review. Avian Pathol 29:207–212
Brake J, Walsh TJ, Benton CE, Petitte JN, Meyerhof R, Penalva (1997) Egg handling and storage. Poult Sci 76:144–151
Jonassen CM, Kofstad T, Larsen IL, Lovland A, Handeland K, Follestad A, Lillehaug A (2005) Molecular identification and characterization of novel coronaviruses infecting graylag geese (Anser anser), feral pigeons (Columag livia) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). J Gen Virol 86:1597–1607
Stephensen CB, Casebolt DB, Gangopadhyay NN (1999) Phylogenetic analysis of a highly conserved region of the polymerase gene from 11 coronaviruses and development of a consensus polymerase chain reaction assay. Virus Res 60:181–189
McNulty MS, Curran WL, Todd D, McFerran JB (1979) Detection of viruses in avian faeces by direct electron microscopy. Avian Pathol 8:239–247
Cavanagh D, Mawditt K, Welchman DB, Britton P, Gough RE (2002) Coronaviruses from pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) are genetically closely related to coronaviruses of domestic fowl (infectious bronchitis virus) and turkeys. Avian Pathol 31:81–93
Guy JS, Barnes HJ, Smith LG, Breslin J (1997) Antigenic characterization of a Turkey coronavirus identified in poult enteritis and mortality syndrome-affected turkeys. Avian Dis 41:583–590
Cavanagh D (2005) Coronaviruses in poultry and other birds. Avian Pathol 34:439–448
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Guy, J.S. (2020). Isolation and Propagation of Coronaviruses in Embryonated Eggs. In: Maier, H., Bickerton, E. (eds) Coronaviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2203. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0900-2_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0900-2_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-0899-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-0900-2
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols