Abstract
Maternal Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can have profound teratogenic effects including microcephaly and intracranial calcification. In adults, infection may cause acute inflammatory polyneuropathy. These complications appear after resolution of viremia. Thus, molecular assays of blood are typically insufficient to make the link between ZIKV infection and disease. An alternative approach to testing for ZIKV exposure is serology. However, specific serological implication of ZIKV can be confounded by cross-reactivity with closely related flaviviruses. We used high-density peptide arrays that tile the proteomes of a selection of arboviruses to search for ZIKV-specific linear epitopes that would enable the development of accurate serological tests. We identified a 20-amino-acid-long diagnostic peptide sequence in the NS2B protein of ZIKV that was immunoreactive with sera from patients with a confirmed history of infection with ZIKV but not other flaviviruses. We then established a ZIKV peptide ELISA (ZIKV-NS2B-concat ELISA) that enables sensitive and specific diagnosis of exposure to ZIKV.
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Acknowledgments
We are thankful to Simon H. Williams (CII) for proof reading this chapter. We are grateful to the patients and clinicians who provided samples to develop this assay. We thank past and present members of the study team based at the New York State Department of Health, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Viral Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Department of Viroscience, Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands California, USA Hospital Infantil Manuel de Jesús Rivera, the National Virology Laboratory in the Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia of the Nicaraguan Ministry of Health, Sustainable Sciences Institute in Managua, Nicaragua, for their dedication and high-quality work.
We are grateful for financial support from National Institutes of Health award U19AI109761 (CETR [Center for Research in Diagnostics and Discovery]). N.M. was partially supported by 2016–2017 Calderone Junior Faculty Awards awarded by the Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University.
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Mishra, N., Thakkar, R., Ng, J., Lipkin, W.I. (2020). Zika Virus Peptide ELISA (ZIKV-NS2B-Concat ELISA) for Detection of IgG Antibodies to Zika Virus Infection. In: Kobinger, G., Racine, T. (eds) Zika Virus. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2142. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0581-3_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0581-3_10
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