Abstract
Quality control of newly synthesized glycoproteins is tightly regulated by sugar processing of N-glycans and by recognition of specific glycan structures by lectins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Mannose trimming and its recognition determine the targeting of misfolded glycoproteins for ER-associated degradation. ER degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like (EDEM) proteins in mammals and their homologue Htm1p/Mnl1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are involved in this process. To analyze the function of EDEM proteins, we expressed and purified recombinant EDEM3 from HEK293 cells and assessed its mannose-trimming activity in vitro.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Helenius A, Aebi M (2004) Roles of N-linked glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. Annu Rev Biochem 73:1019–1049
McCracken AA, Brodsky JL (2003) Evolving questions and paradigm shifts in endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). BioEssays 25:868–877
Hosokawa N, Wada I, Hasegawa K et al (2001) A novel ER α-mannosidase-like protein accelerates ER-associated degradation. EMBO Rep 2:415–422
Jakob CA, Bodmer D, Spirig U et al (2001) Htm1p, a mannosidase-like protein, is involved in glycoprotein degradation in yeast. EMBO Rep 2:423–430
Nakatsukasa K, Nishikawa S, Hosokawa N et al (2001) Mnl1p, an α-mannosidase-like protein in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is required for endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of glycoproteins. J Biol Chem 276:8635–8638
Movsichoff F, Castro OA, Parodi AJ (2005) Characterization of Schizosaccharomyces pombe ER α-Mannosidase: a Reevaluation of the role of the enzyme on ER-associated degradation. Mol Biol Cell 16:4714–4724
Quan EM, Kamiya Y, Kamiya D et al (2008) Defining the glycan destruction signal for endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. Mol Cell 32:870–877
Clerc S, Hirsch C, Oggier DM et al (2009) Htm1 protein generates the N-glycan signal for glycoprotein degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum. J Cell Biol 184:159–172
Gauss R, Kanehara K, Carvalho P et al (2011) A complex of Pdi1p and the mannosidase Htm1p initiates clearance of unfolded glycoproteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. Mol Cell 42:782–793
Liu YC, Fujimori DG, Weissman JS (2016) Htm1p-Pdi1p is a folding-sensitive mannosidase that marks N-glycoproteins for ER-associated protein degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:E4015–E4024
Pfeiffer A, Stephanowitz H, Krause E et al (2016) A complex of Htm1 and the Oxidoreductase Pdi1 accelerates degradation of Misfolded glycoproteins. J Biol Chem 291:12195–12207
Mast SW, Diekman K, Karaveg K et al (2005) Human EDEM2, a novel homolog of family 47 glycosidases, is involved in ER-associated degradation of glycoproteins. Glycobiology 15:421–436
Hirao K, Natsuka Y, Tamura T et al (2006) EDEM3, a soluble EDEM homolog, enhances glycoprotein endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation and mannose trimming. J Biol Chem 281:9650–9658
Olivari S, Cali T, Salo KE et al (2006) EDEM1 regulates ER-associated degradation by accelerating de-mannosylation of folding-defective polypeptides and by inhibiting their covalent aggregation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 349:1278–1284
Hosokawa N, Tremblay LO, Sleno B et al (2010) EDEM1 accelerates the trimming of α1,2-linked mannose on the C branch of N-glycans. Glycobiology 20:567–575
Ninagawa S, Okada T, Sumitomo Y et al (2014) EDEM2 initiates mammalian glycoprotein ERAD by catalyzing the first mannose trimming step. J Cell Biol 206:347–356
Pan S, Wang S, Utama B et al (2011) Golgi localization of ERManI defines spatial separation of the mammalian glycoprotein quality control system. Mol Biol Cell 22:2810–2822
Yu S, Ito S, Wada I et al (2018) ER-resident protein 46 (ERp46) triggers the mannose-trimming activity of ER degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like protein 3 (EDEM3). J Biol Chem 293:10663–10674
Shenkman M, Ron E, Yehuda R et al (2018) Mannosidase activity of EDEM1 and EDEM2 depends on an unfolded state of their glycoprotein substrates. Commun Biol 1:172
Aikawa J, Matsuo I, Ito Y (2012) In vitro mannose trimming property of human ER α-1,2 mannosidase I. Glycoconj J 29:35–45
Araki K, Iemura S, Kamiya Y et al (2013) Ero1-α and PDIs constitute a hierarchical electron transfer network of endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductases. J Cell Biol 202:861–874
Yu H, Kaung G, Kobayashi S et al (1997) Cytosolic degradation of T-cell receptor α chains by the proteasome. J Biol Chem 272:20800–20804
Hirsch C, Blom D, Ploegh HL (2003) A role for N-glycanase in the cytosolic turnover of glycoproteins. EMBO J 22:1036–1046
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Hosokawa, N. (2020). In Vitro Mannosidase Assay of EDEMs: ER Degradation-Enhancing α-Mannosidase-Like Proteins. In: Hirabayashi, J. (eds) Lectin Purification and Analysis. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2132. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0430-4_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0430-4_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-0429-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-0430-4
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols