Skip to main content

Searching Novel Clock Genes Using RNAi-Based Screening

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Circadian Clocks

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2130))

Abstract

RNA interference (RNAi) allows for the selective downregulation of gene expression by neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules and has frequently been used in high-throughput screening endeavors. Here, we describe a protocol for the highly parallel RNAi-mediated downregulation of gene expression in order to search for components involved in circadian rhythm generation. We use lentiviral gene transfer to deliver shRNA expressing plasmids into circadian reporter cells ensuring for efficient and stable knockdown. Circadian rhythms are monitored using live-cell bioluminescence recording of synchronized reporter cells over several days. In addition, we present a new software tool (ChronoStar) for efficient, parallel time-series analysis to extract rhythm parameters such as period, phase, amplitude, and damping.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Konopka RJ, Benzer S (1971) Clock mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 68:2112–2116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Vitaterna MH, King DP, Chang AM et al (1994) Mutagenesis and mapping of a mouse gene, clock, essential for circadian behavior. Science 264:719–725

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bae K, Jin X, Maywood ES et al (2001) Differential functions of mPer1, mPer2, and mPer3 in the SCN circadian clock. Neuron 30:525–536

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Cermakian N, Monaco L, Pando MP et al (2001) Altered behavioral rhythms and clock gene expression in mice with a targeted mutation in the Period1 gene. EMBO J 20:3967–3974

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Shearman LP, Jin X, Lee C et al (2000) Targeted disruption of the mPer3 gene: subtle effects on circadian clock function. Mol Cell Biol 20:6269–6275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. van der Horst GT, Muijtjens M, Kobayashi K et al (1999) Mammalian Cry1 and Cry2 are essential for maintenance of circadian rhythms. Nature 398:627–630

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Zheng B, Larkin DW, Albrecht U et al (1999) The mPer2 gene encodes a functional component of the mammalian circadian clock. Nature 400:169–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Zheng B, Albrecht U, Kaasik K et al (2001) Nonredundant roles of the mPer1 and mPer2 genes in the mammalian circadian clock. Cell 105:683–694

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Downward J (2004) Use of RNA interference libraries to investigate oncogenic signalling in mammalian cells. Oncogene 23:8376–8383

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Balsalobre A, Damiola F, Schibler U (1998) A serum shock induces circadian gene expression in mammalian tissue culture cells. Cell 93:929–937

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Wallach T, Kramer A (2015) Chemical chronobiology: toward drugs manipulating time. FEBS Lett 589:1530–1538

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Maier B, Wendt S, Vanselow JT et al (2009) A large-scale functional RNAi screen reveals a role for CK2 in the mammalian circadian clock. Genes Dev 23:708–718

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhang EE, Liu AC, Hirota T et al (2009) A genome-wide RNAi screen for modifiers of the circadian clock in human cells. Cell 139:199–210

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Liu AC, Welsh DK, Ko CH et al (2007) Intercellular coupling confers robustness against mutations in the SCN circadian clock network. Cell 129:605–616

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Silva JM, Li MZ, Chang K et al (2005) Second-generation shRNA libraries covering the mouse and human genomes. Nat Genet 37:1281–1288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Stegmeier F, Hu G, Rickles RJ et al (2005) A lentiviral microRNA-based system for single-copy polymerase II-regulated RNA interference in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:13212–13217

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Stegmeier F, Rape M, Draviam VM et al (2007) Anaphase initiation is regulated by antagonistic ubiquitination and deubiquitination activities. Nature 446:876–881

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Draviam VM, Stegmeier F, Nalepa G et al (2007) A functional genomic screen identifies a role for TAO1 kinase in spindle-checkpoint signalling. Nat Cell Biol 9:556–564

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Ando Y, Niwa K, Yamada N et al (2008) Firefly bioluminescence quantum yield and colour change by pH-sensitive green emission. Nat Photonics 2:44–47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank Maike Mette-Thaben and Daniel Lohse for excellent technical assistance. Work in AK’s laboratory is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB740/D2 and TRR186/A17).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Achim Kramer .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this protocol

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this protocol

Maier, B., Lorenzen, S., Finger, AM., Herzel, H., Kramer, A. (2021). Searching Novel Clock Genes Using RNAi-Based Screening. In: Brown, S.A. (eds) Circadian Clocks. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2130. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0381-9_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0381-9_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-0380-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-0381-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics