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Characterization of Plant Viruses pp 7–21Cite as

Symptoms of Virus-Infected Plants

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Part of the book series: Springer Protocols Handbooks ((SPH))

Abstract

Symptoms are outward expression of plants indicating deviation from the normal physiological, biochemical and biological function. Symptoms may be due to biotic or abiotic factors. Viruses are one among several biotic factors that can cause different disease symptoms in plants. All viruses cause systemic infections in susceptible plants. Symptoms caused by viruses fall into two categories, namely internal and external. In the present chapter, both external and internal symptoms caused by viruses are explained.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, Kerala, India

    Alangar Ishwara Bhat

  2. Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

    Govind Pratap Rao

Authors
  1. Alangar Ishwara Bhat
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  2. Govind Pratap Rao
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Bhat, A.I., Rao, G.P. (2020). Symptoms of Virus-Infected Plants. In: Characterization of Plant Viruses . Springer Protocols Handbooks. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0334-5_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0334-5_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-0333-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-0334-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

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