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Complimentary Methods for Assessing Hypothalamic Actions of Manganese During Pubertal Development

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Part of the book series: Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology

Abstract

Utilizing both in vitro and in vivo physiological approaches can be beneficial when trying to obtain critical insights regarding both endogenous and exogenous factors that may control or alter hypothalamic mechanisms involved in the onset of puberty. Over the years, we and others have used these complimentary methods to assess the effects of regulator substances and toxins on prepubertal hypothalamic functions. Manganese (Mn) is an example of an exogenous environmental element that has been shown in research animals to prematurely activate the prepubertal hypothalamus and elicit precocious pubertal development. This chapter will demonstrate how the use of complimentary in vivo and in vitro methods has helped to discern the hypothalamic site of Mn action and the influence that this element has on key signaling pathways normally involved in the pubertal process.

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Abbreviations

AP:

Anterior pituitary

cGMP:

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate

GC:

Guanylyl cyclase

IGF-1:

Insulin-like growth factor-1

IGF-1R:

Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor

Kp:

Kisspeptin

LH:

Luteinizing hormone

LHRH:

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone

MBH:

Medial basal hypothalamus

Mn:

Manganese

MnCl2:

Manganese chloride

mTOR:

Mammalian target of rapamycin

NMMA:

NG-monomethyl-l-arginine

NO:

Nitric oxide

NOS:

Nitric oxide synthase

ODQ:

1H[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one

PKG:

Protein kinase G

POA/RHA:

Preoptic area/rostral hypothalamic area

sGC:

Soluble guanylyl cyclase

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Acknowledgment

This research was supported by NIH/NIEHS grant ES013143 to WLD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas AM University, College Station, TX, USA

    William L. Dees, Jill K. Hiney & Vinod K. Srivastava

Authors
  1. William L. Dees
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  2. Jill K. Hiney
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  3. Vinod K. Srivastava
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Correspondence to William L. Dees .

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Dees, W.L., Hiney, J.K., Srivastava, V.K. (2018). Complimentary Methods for Assessing Hypothalamic Actions of Manganese During Pubertal Development. In: Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/7653_2018_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/7653_2018_10

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

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