Advertisement

Single Cell Densitometry and Weightlessness Culture of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using Magnetic Levitation

Protocol
Part of the Methods in Molecular Biology book series (MIMB, volume 2125)

Abstract

Magnetic levitation methodology enables density-based separation of microparticles/cells and sustains cell culture in different media. Levitation process can be accomplished via negative magnetophoresis (diamagnetophoresis), where the applied magnetic force compensates gravitational acceleration and the density of the diamagnetic object (e.g., cell) determines its levitation height. Here we describe a portable, sensitive, and cost-effective technology that uses the principles of magnetic levitation to measure single cell density and cell culture under desired conditions.

Keywords

Magnetic levitation Single cell density Simulated microgravity Stem cells Real-time monitoring 

Notes

Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (116M298, HCT and 215S862, EO).

References

  1. 1.
    Sarigil O, Anıl-Inevi M, Yilmaz E, Mese G, Tekin HC, Ozcivici E (2019) Label-free density-based detection of adipocytes of bone marrow origin using magnetic levitation. Analyst.  https://doi.org/10.1039/C8AN02503GCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Kumar AA, Patton MR, Hennek JW, Lee SYR, D’Alesio-Spina G, Yang X, Kanter J, Shevkoplyas SS, Brugnara C, Whitesides GM (2014) Density-based separation in multiphase systems provides a simple method to identify sickle cell disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci 111(41):14864–14869CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Bryan AK, Hecht VC, Shen W, Payer K, Grover WH, Manalis SR (2014) Measuring single cell mass, volume, and density with dual suspended microchannel resonators. Lab Chip 14(3):569–576CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Zhao Y, Lai HSS, Zhang G, Lee G-B, Li WJ (2014) Rapid determination of cell mass and density using digitally controlled electric field in a microfluidic chip. Lab Chip 14(22):4426–4434CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Kelland D, Hiresaki Y, Friedlaender F, Takayasu M (1981) Diamagnetic particle capture and mineral separation. IEEE Trans Magn 17(6):2813–2815CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Mirica KA, Shevkoplyas SS, Phillips ST, Gupta M, Whitesides GM (2009) Measuring densities of solids and liquids using magnetic levitation: fundamentals. J Am Chem Soc 131(29):10049–10058.  https://doi.org/10.1021/ja900920sCrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Kendall B, Vollero M, Hinkle L (1987) Passive levitation of small particles in vacuum: possible applications to vacuum gauging. J Vac Sci Technol A 5(4):2458–2462CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Mirica KA, Ilievski F, Ellerbee AK, Shevkoplyas SS, Whitesides GM (2011) Using magnetic levitation for three dimensional self-assembly. Adv Mater 23(36):4134–4140CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Durmus NG, Tekin HC, Guven S, Sridhar K, Yildiz AA, Calibasi G, Ghiran I, Davis RW, Steinmetz LM, Demirci U (2015) Magnetic levitation of single cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci 112(28):E3661–E3668CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Tasoglu S, Khoory JA, Tekin HC, Thomas C, Karnoub AE, Ghiran IC, Demirci U (2015) Levitational image cytometry with temporal resolution. Adv Mater 27(26):3901–3908CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Ozcivici E, Judex S (2014) Trabecular bone recovers from mechanical unloading primarily by restoring its mechanical function rather than its morphology. Bone 67:122–129CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Judex S, Zhang W, Donahue LR, Ozcivici E (2016) Genetic and tissue level muscle-bone interactions during unloading and reambulation. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 16(3):174PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Pardo SJ, Patel MJ, Sykes MC, Platt MO, Boyd NL, Sorescu GP, Xu M, van Loon JJ, Wang MD, Jo H (2005) Simulated microgravity using the random positioning machine inhibits differentiation and alters gene expression profiles of 2T3 pre-osteoblasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 288(6):C1211-C1221CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Qiu Q, Ducheyne P, Gao H, Ayyaswamy P (1998) Formation and differentiation of three-dimensional rat marrow stromal cell culture on microcarriers in a rotating-wall vessel. Tissue Eng 4(1):19–34CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Yaman S, Anil-Inevi M, Ozcivici E, Tekin HC (2018) Magnetic force-based microfluidic techniques for cellular and tissue bioengineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 6:192CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Anil-Inevi M, Yaman S, Yildiz AA, Mese G, Yalcin-Ozuysal O, Tekin HC, Ozcivici E (2018) Biofabrication of in situ self assembled 3D cell cultures in a weightlessness environment generated using magnetic levitation. Sci Rep 8(1):7239CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Tocchio A, Durmus NG, Sridhar K, Mani V, Coskun B, El Assal R, Demirci U (2018) Magnetically guided self-assembly and coding of 3D living architectures. Adv Mater 30(4):1705034CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Knowlton SM, Sencan I, Aytar Y, Khoory J, Heeney MM, Ghiran IC, Tasoglu S (2015) Sickle cell detection using a smartphone. Sci Rep 5:15022.  https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15022CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Knowlton S, Joshi A, Syrrist P, Coskun AF, Tasoglu S (2017) 3D-printed smartphone-based point of care tool for fluorescence- and magnetophoresis-based cytometry. Lab Chip 17(16):2839–2851.  https://doi.org/10.1039/c7lc00706jCrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Moes MJ, Gielen JC, Bleichrodt R-J, van Loon JJ, Christianen PC, Boonstra J (2011) Simulation of microgravity by magnetic levitation and random positioning: effect on human A431 cell morphology. Microgravity Sci Technol 23(2):249–261CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Ozcivici E, Luu YK, Adler B, Qin Y-X, Rubin J, Judex S, Rubin CT (2010) Mechanical signals as anabolic agents in bone. Nat Rev Rheumatol 6(1):50CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Türker E, Demirçak N, Arslan-Yildiz A (2018) Scaffold-free three-dimensional cell culturing using magnetic levitation. Biomater Sci 6(7):1745–1753CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Baskan O, Mese G, Ozcivici E (2017) Low-intensity vibrations normalize adipogenesis-induced morphological and molecular changes of adult mesenchymal stem cells. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 231(2):160–168CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Sherry AD, Caravan P, Lenkinski RE (2009) Primer on gadolinium chemistry. J Magn Reson Imaging 30(6):1240–1248CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Ge S, Wang Y, Deshler NJ, Preston DJ, Whitesides GM (2018) High-throughput density measurement using magnetic levitation. J Am Chem Soc 140(24):7510–7518CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Zhang C, Zhao P, Gu F, Xie J, Xia N, He Y, Fu J (2018) Single-ring magnetic levitation configuration for object manipulation and density-based measurement. Anal Chem 90(15):9226–9233CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Tamm C, Sabri F, Ceccatelli S (2007) Mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in neural stem cells exposed to manganese. Toxicol Sci 101(2):310–320CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2019

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of BioengineeringIzmir Institute of TechnologyUrla, IzmirTurkey

Personalised recommendations