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Heterogeneity of Stem Cells: A Brief Overview

Protocol
First Online:
Part of the Methods in Molecular Biology book series (MIMB, volume 1516)

Abstract

Stem cells possess the extraordinary capacity of self-renewal and differentiation to various cell types, thus to form original tissues and organs. Stem cell heterogeneity including genetic and nongenetic mechanisms refers to biological differences amongst normal and stem cells originated within the same tissue. Cell differentiation hierarchy and stochasticity in gene expression and signaling pathways may result in phenotypic differences of stem cells. The maintenance of stemness and activation of differentiation potential are fundamentally orchestrated by microenvironmental stem cell niche-related cellular and humoral signals.

Keywords

Embryonic stem cells Adult stem cells Cancer stem cells Induced pluripotent stem cells Differentiation Microenvironment 
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© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.2nd Department of Medicine, Immunology DivisionSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary

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