RNAi and Cellular miRNAs in Infections by Mammalian Viruses

Protocol
First Online:
Part of the Methods in Molecular Biology book series (MIMB, volume 721)

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Recent studies demonstrate that miRNAs can also strongly affect the replication of pathogenic viruses. For example, cellular miRNAs can target and repress the expression of viral mRNAs, but there is also at least one example of a cellular miRNA that stimulates virus replication. Furthermore, viruses can encode their own miRNAs, trigger changes in cellular miRNA expression or encode RNA silencing suppressor factors that inhibit cellular miRNAs. These interactions together form a complex regulatory network that controls both viral and host gene expression, which ultimately determines the outcome of viral infection at the cellular level and disease progression in the host. Here, we summarize the literature data on such virus–cell interactions in mammals and discuss how miRNAs can be used as research tools or targets in the development of novel antiviral therapeutics.

Key words

Virus microRNA Regulation RNA interference RNA silencing suppressor HIV-1 HCV Adenovirus 
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Notes

Acknowledgements

RNAi research in the Berkhout lab is sponsored by ZonMw (Vici grant and Translational Gene Therapy program), NWO-CW (Top grant), the European Union (LSHP-CT-2006-037301) and the Technology Foundation STW (grant AGT.7708).

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Copyright information

© Humana Press 2011

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands

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