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Drosophila pp 1–25Cite as

Drosophila melanogaster and the Development of Biology in the 20th Century

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Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 420))

Abstract

The fruit fly Drosophila has played a central role in the development of biology during the 20th century. First chosen as a convenient organism to test evolutionary theories soon became the central element in an elaborate, fruitful, and insightful research program dealing with the nature and function of the gene. Through the activities of TH Morgan and his students, Drosophila did more than any other organism to lay down the foundations of genetics as a discipline and a tool for biology. In the last third of the century, a judicious blend of classical genetics and molecular biology focused on some mutants affecting the pattern of the Drosophila larva and the adult, and unlocked the molecular mechanisms of development. Surprisingly, many of the genes identified in this exercise turned to be conserved across organisms. This observation provided a vista of universality at a fundamental level of biological activity. At the dawn of the 21st century, Drosophila continues to be center stage in the development of biology and to open new ways of seeing cells and to understand the construction and the functioning of organisms.

“When I see Drosophila under moderate magnification of a binocular microscope I marvel at the clearest form of the head with giant red eyes, the antennae, and elaborate mouth parts; at the arch of the sturdy thorax bearing a pair of beautifully iridescent, transparent wings and three pairs of legs.........” C. Stern (1954) “Two or three bristles” Am. Sci. 42, 213–247.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Alfonso Martinez Arias

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  1. Alfonso Martinez Arias
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  1. MPI für Molekulare Zellbiologie und Genetik, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany

    Christian Dahmann

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Arias, A.M. (2008). Drosophila melanogaster and the Development of Biology in the 20th Century. In: Dahmann, C. (eds) Drosophila. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 420. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-583-1_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-583-1_1

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