Capillary Electrophoresis pp 93-118 | Cite as
Capillary Electrophoretic Analysis of Organic Pollutants
Summary
Environmental pollutants comprise a variety of compounds from inorganic anions, cations, ionizable organic compounds and moderately hydrophobic organic compounds to highly hydrophobic organic compounds. Correspondingly different separation strategies are required for their separation. In this chapter, we have presented some methods for the separation and the analysis of the organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenoxy acids, dithiocarbamates, paraquat and diquat, endocrine disruptors, toxins and explosives.
Key Words
Capillary electrophoresis UV detection environmental organic pollutants phenoxy acids dithiocarbamates paraquat and diquat endocrine disruptors toxins explosivesNotes
Acknowledgment
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial assistance received from DST (New Delhi), DAAD (Germany) research based personnel exchange programme.
References
- 1.Slobodn, J., Louter, A. J. H., Vreuls, J. J., Lika, I. and Brinkman, U. A. Th. (1997) Monitoring of micropollutant in surface water by automated on line trace enrichment liquid and gas chromatographic systems with ultraviolet diode-array and mass spectrometric detection, J. of Chromatogr. A 768, 239–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 2.Sovocool,, G. W., Brumley, W. C. and Donelli, J. R. (1999) Capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography of organic pollutants, Electrophoresis 20, 3297–3310.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 3.Malik, A. K. and Faubel, W. (2001) A review of analysis of pesticides using capillary electrophoretsis, Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 31 (3), 223–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.Menzinger, F., Schmitt-Kopplin, P., Freitag, D. and Kettrup, A. (2000) Analysis of agrochemicals by capillary electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr. A. 891, 45–66.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 5.Malik A. K. and Faubel, W. (2000) Photothermal and light emitting diodes as detector for trace detection in capillary electrophoresis. Chem. Soc. Rev. 29, 275–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 6.Zlotorzynska, D., Chen, H. and Ding, L. (2003) Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography of pollutants. Electrophoresis 24, 4128–4149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 7.Strasik, S., Dankova, M., Molnarova, M., Olvecka, E. and Kaniansky, D. (2003) Capillary zone electrophoresis in wide bore capillary tubes with fiber-coupled diode array detection. J. Chromatogr. A 990, 23–33.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 8.Lu, Q., Collins, G. E., Smith, M. and Wang, J. (2002) Sensitive capillary electrophoresis microchip determination of trinitroaromatic explosives in nonaqueous electrolyte following solid phase extraction, Anal. Chim. Acta 469, 253–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 9.Martinez, D., Cugat, M. J., Borrull, F. and Calull, M. (2000) Solid-phase extraction coupling to capillary electrophoresis with emphasis on environmental analysis J. Chromatogr. A 902, 65–89.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 10.Yan, C., Dadoo, R. Zhao, H. and Zare, R. N. (1995) Capillary electrochromatography: analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Anal. Chem. 67, 2026–2029.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 11.Grimmer, G., Jacob, J., Naujack, K. W. and Dettbarn, G. F. (1981) Inventory and biological impact of polycyclic carcinogens in the environment. Part 13. Profile of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from used engine oil-inventory GC-GC/MS-PAH in environmental materials, part 2. Z. Anal. Chem. 309, 13–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 12.Garisson, A. W., Schmitt, P. and Kettrup, A. (1994) Separation of phenoxy acid herbicides and and their enantiomers by high-performance capillary electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr A 688, 317–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 13.Malik, A. K. and Faubel, W. (1999) Review methods of analysis of dithiocarbamate pesticides. Pest. Sci. 55, 1–6.Google Scholar
- 14.Malik, A. K. and Faubel, W. (2000) Capillary electrophoretic determination of dithiocarbamates and ethyl xanthate, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 367, 211–214.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 15.Pico Y, Font, G., Molto, J. C. and Manes, J. (2000) Solid-phase extraction of quaternary ammonium herbicides, J. Chromatogr A 885, 251–271.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 16.Cai, J. and Rassi, Z. EL. (1992) Capillary electrophoresis of two cationic herbicides paraquat and diquat., J. Liq. Chromatogr. 15 (6,7), 1193–1200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 17.Regan, F., Moran, A., Fogarty, B. and Dempsey, E. (2003) Novel modes of capillary electrophoresis for the determination of endocrine disrupting chemicals, J. Chromatogr A 1014, 141–152.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 18.Pineiro, N., Leao, J. M., Gago Martinez, A. and Rodriguez Vazquez, J. A. (1999) Capillary electrophoresis with diode array detection as an alternative analytical method for paralytic and amnesic shellfish toxins, J. Chromatogr A 847, 223–232.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 19.Stuart A. O. (1996) Analysis of nitramine and nitroaromatic explosives by capillary electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr A 745, 233–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 20.Reemtsma, T. (2003) Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and strategies for trace-level analysis of polar organic pollutants. J. Chromatogr A 1000, 477–501.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 21.Pereira, E. A., Carrilho, E. and Tavaresa, M. F. M. (2002) Laser-induced fluorescence and UV detection of derivatized aldehydes in air samples using capillary electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr A 979, 409–416.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 22.Riu, J, Eichhorn, P., Guerrero, J. A., Knepper, Th. P. and Barcelo, D. (2000) Determination of linear alkylbenzenesulfonates in waste water treatment plants and coastal waters by automated solid-phase extraction followed by capillary electrophoresis–UV detection and confirmation by capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr A 889, 221–229.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 23.Wuiloud, R. G., Shah, M., Kannamkumarath S. S. and Altamirano, J. C. (2005) The potential of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric detection for capillary electrophoretic analysis of pesticides. Electrophoresis 26, 1598–1605.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 24.Malik, A. K. and Faubel, W. (1999) A review on capillary electrophoretic separations and their studies by nuclear magnetic resonance. J. Capillary Electrophor. 6(3–4), 97–108.Google Scholar