Skip to main content

Lighting Up Gene Activation in Living Drosophila Embryos

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Imaging Gene Expression

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2038))

Abstract

With its rapid development, ease of collection, and the presence of a unique layer of nuclei located close to the surface, the Drosophila syncytial embryo is ideally suited to study the establishment of gene expression patterns during development. Recent improvements in RNA labeling technologies and confocal microscopy allow for visualizing gene activation and quantifying transcriptional dynamics in living Drosophila embryos. Here we review the available tools for mRNA fluorescent labeling and detection in live embryos and precisely describe the overall procedure, from design to mounting and confocal imaging.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Garcia HG, Tikhonov M, Lin A et al (2013) Quantitative imaging of transcription in living Drosophila embryos links polymerase activity to patterning. Curr Biol 23:2140

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Lucas T, Ferraro T, Roelens B et al (2013) Live imaging of Bicoid-dependent transcription in Drosophila embryos. Curr Biol 23:2135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Lucas T, Tran H, Perez Romero CA et al (2018) 3 minutes to precisely measure morphogen concentration. PLoS Genet 14:e1007676

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Chen H, Levo M, Barinov L et al (2018) Dynamic interplay between enhancer–promoter topology and gene activity. Nat Genet 50:1296–1303

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bothma JP, Garcia HG, Esposito E et al (2014) Dynamic regulation of eve stripe 2 expression reveals transcriptional bursts in living Drosophila embryos. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:10598

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Esposito E, Lim B, Guessous G et al (2016) Mitosis-associated repression in development. Genes Dev 30(13):1503–1508

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ferraro T, Esposito E, Mancini L et al (2016) Transcriptional memory in the Drosophila embryo. Curr Biol 26:212–218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Dufourt J, Trullo A, Hunter J et al (2018) Temporal control of gene expression by the pioneer factor Zelda through transient interactions in hubs. Nat Commun 9:5194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Fukaya T, Lim B, Levine M (2017) Rapid rates of pol II elongation in the Drosophila embryo. Curr Biol 27:1387–1391

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Fukaya T, Lim B, Levine M (2016) Enhancer control of transcriptional bursting. Cell 166:358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Lim B, Heist T, Levine M et al (2018) Visualization of transvection in living Drosophila embryos. Mol Cell 70:287–296.e6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lim B, Fukaya T, Heist T et al (2018) Temporal dynamics of pair-rule stripes in living Drosophila embryos. Proc Natl Acad Sci 115(33):10430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Bertrand E, Chartrand P, Schaefer M et al (2017) Localization of ASH1 mRNA particles in living yeast. Mol Cell 2:437–445

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Larson DR, Zenklusen D, Wu B et al (2011) Real-time observation of transcription initiation and elongation on an endogenous yeast gene. Science 332:475–478

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Urbanek MO, Galka-marciniak P, Olejniczak M et al (2014) RNA imaging in living cells methods and applications. RNA Biol 11(8):1083–1095

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Pichon X, Lagha M, Mueller F et al (2018) A growing toolbox to image gene expression in single cells: sensitive approaches for demanding challenges. Mol Cell 71(3):468–480

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Groth AC, Fish M, Nusse R, Calos MP (2004) Construction of transgenic Drosophila by using the site-specific integrase from phage φC31. Genetics 166:1775–1782

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ren X, Sun J, Housden BE et al (2013) Optimized gene editing technology for Drosophila melanogaster using germ line-specific Cas9. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:19012

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Ferraro T, Lucas T, Clémot M et al (2016) New methods to image transcription in living fly embryos: the insights so far, and the prospects. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol 5(3):296–310

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Halstead JM, Lionnet T, Wilbertz JH et al (2015) Translation. An RNA biosensor for imaging the first round of translation from single cells to living animals. Science 347:1367–1671

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Forrest K, Gavis E (2003) Live imaging of endogenous RNA reveals a diffusion and entrapment mechanism for nanos mRNA localization in Drosophila. Curr Biol 13:1159–1168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Huang A, Amourda C, Zhang S et al (2017) Decoding temporal interpretation of the morphogen bicoid in the early drosophila embryo. elife 6:1–21

    Google Scholar 

  23. Weil TT, Parton RM, Davis I (2010) Making the message clear: visualizing mRNA localization. Trends Cell Biol 20:380–390

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Fusco D, Accornero N, Lavoie B et al (2003) Single mRNA molecules demonstrate probabilistic movement in living mammalian cells. Curr Biol 13:161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Katsani KR, Karess RE, Nathalie Dostatni VD (2008) In vivo dynamics of Drosophila nuclear envelope components. Mol Biol Cell 19:3652–3666

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Trullo et al., in preparation

    Google Scholar 

  27. Tran H, Perez-romero CA, Ferraro T et al (2018) LiveFly: a toolbox for the analysis of transcription dynamics in live Drosophila embryos. Methods Mol Biol 1863:183–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Tantale K, Mueller F, Kozulic-Pirher A et al (2016) A single-molecule view of transcription reveals convoys of RNA polymerases and multi-scale bursting. Nat Commun 7:12248

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Femino AM, Fay FS, Fogarty K et al (1998) Visualization of single RNA transcripts in situ. Science 280:585–590

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Keller PJ, Schmidt AD, Santella A et al (2010) Fast, high-contrast imaging of animal development with scanned light sheet-based structured-illumination microscopy. Nat Methods 7:637–642

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We are very grateful to J. Dufourt for critical reading and insightful suggestions on the manuscript. We thank M. Bellec, M. Dejean, and A. Trullo for helpful discussions. We acknowledge the imaging facility MRI, member of the national infrastructure France-BioImaging supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR-10-INBS-04, “Investments for the future”). The ERC SyncDev and HFSP-CDA grants supported this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mounia Lagha .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this protocol

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this protocol

Fernandez, C., Lagha, M. (2019). Lighting Up Gene Activation in Living Drosophila Embryos. In: Shav-Tal, Y. (eds) Imaging Gene Expression. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2038. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9674-2_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9674-2_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-9673-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-9674-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics