Abstract
The structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complex, SMC5/6, is important for genome maintenance in all model eukaryotes. To date, the most extensive studies have focused on the roles of Smc5/6 in lower eukaryotes, such as yeast and fly. In the handful of studies that have used mammalian cells, siRNA was used by most to knockdown SMC5/6 components. RNAi methods have been very important for scientific progression, but they are hindered by incomplete silencing of protein expression and off-target effects. This chapter outlines the use of a conditional knockout approach in mouse embryonic fibroblasts to study the function of the SMC5/6 complex. These cell lines provide an alternative method to study the function and properties of the SMC5/6 complex in mammals.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Murray JM, Carr AM (2008) Smc5/6: a link between DNA repair and unidirectional replication? Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9:177–182. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm2309
Uhlmann F (2016) SMC complexes: from DNA to chromosomes. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 17:399–412. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm.2016.30
Hirano T (2006) At the heart of the chromosome: SMC proteins in action. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 7:311–322. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm1909
Piccoli G, Torres-Rosell J, Aragón L (2009) The unnamed complex: what do we know about Smc5-Smc6? Chromosome Res 17:251–263
Verver DE, Hwang GH, Jordan PW, Hamer G (2016) Resolving complex chromosome structures during meiosis: versatile deployment of Smc5/6. Chromosoma 125:15–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-015-0518-9
Hirano T (2016) Condensin-based chromosome organization from bacteria to vertebrates. Cell 164:847–857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.01.033
Wu N, Yu H (2012) The Smc complexes in DNA damage response. Cell Biosci 2:5. https://doi.org/10.1186/2045-3701-2-5
De Piccoli G, Cortes-Ledesma F, Ira G, Torres-Rosell J, Uhle S et al (2006) Smc5-Smc6 mediate DNA double-strand-break repair by promoting sister-chromatid recombination. Nat Cell Biol 8:1032–1034. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1466
Irmisch A, Ampatzidou E, Mizuno K, O’Connell MJ, Murray JM (2009) Smc5/6 maintains stalled replication forks in a recombination-competent conformation. EMBO J 28:144–155. https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2008.273
Torres-Rosell J, Sunjevaric I, De Piccoli G, Sacher M, Eckert-Boulet N et al (2007) The Smc5-Smc6 complex and SUMO modification of Rad52 regulates recombinational repair at the ribosomal gene locus. Nat Cell Biol 9:923–931. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1619
Wu N, Kong X, Ji Z, Zeng W, Potts PR et al (2012) Scc1 sumoylation by Mms21 promotes sister chromatid recombination through counteracting Wapl. Genes Dev 26:1473–1485. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.193615.112
Skarnes WC, Rosen B, West AP, Koutsourakis M, Bushell W et al (2011) A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function. Nature 474:337–342. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10163
Pryzhkova MV, Jordan PW (2016) Conditional mutation of Smc5 in mouse embryonic stem cells perturbs condensin localization and mitotic progression. J Cell Sci 129:1619–1634. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.179036
Hwang G, Sun F, O’Brien M, Eppig JJ, Handel MA et al (2017) SMC5/6 is required for the formation of segregation-competent bivalent chromosomes during meiosis I in mouse oocytes. Development 144:1648–1660. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.145607
Todaro GJ, Green H (1963) Quantitative studies of the growth of mouse embryo cells in culture and their development into established lines. J Cell Biol 17:299–313. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.17.2.299
Herbert AD, Carr AM, Hoffmann E (2014) FindFoci: a focus detection algorithm with automated parameter training that closely matches human assignments, reduces human inconsistencies and increases speed of analysis. PLoS One 9:e114749. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114749
Sakaguchi K, Herrera JE, Saito S, Miki T, Bustin M et al (1998) DNA damage activates p53 through a phosphorylation-acetylation cascade. Genes Dev 12:2831–2841. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.12.18.2831
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant K99/R00 HD069458 to P.W.J.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Gaddipati, H., Pryzhkova, M.V., Jordan, P.W. (2019). Conditional Mutation of SMC5 in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts. In: Badrinarayanan, A. (eds) SMC Complexes. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2004. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9520-2_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9520-2_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-9519-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-9520-2
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols