Abstract
Wheat rust fungi are complex organisms with a complete life cycle that involves two different host plants and five different spore types. During the asexual infection cycle on wheat, rusts produce massive amounts of dikaryotic urediniospores. These spores are dikaryotic (two nuclei) with each nucleus containing one haploid genome. This dikaryotic state is likely to contribute to their evolutionary success, making them some of the major wheat pathogens globally. Despite this, most published wheat rust genomes are highly fragmented and contain very little haplotype-specific sequence information. Current long-read sequencing technologies hold great promise to provide more contiguous and haplotype-phased genome assemblies. Long reads are able to span repetitive regions and phase structural differences between the haplomes. This increased genome resolution enables the identification of complex loci and the study of genome evolution beyond simple nucleotide polymorphisms. Long-read technologies require pure high molecular weight DNA as an input for sequencing. Here, we describe a DNA extraction protocol for rust spores that yields pure double-stranded DNA molecules with molecular weight of >50 kilo-base pairs (kbp). The isolated DNA is of sufficient purity for PacBio long-read sequencing, but may require additional purification for other sequencing technologies such as Nanopore and 10× Genomics.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Drs Megan McDonald, Melania Figueroa, Claire Anderson, Andrii Gryganskyi, and David Hayward for useful input while developing this protocol. We would like to thank several users for their positive feedback on successful application of this protocol to various fungal and oomycete species. This was enabled by early access to previous versions of this protocol on the platform “protocols.io,” which provides the opportunity to share and update protocols online. B.S. is supported by an Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research Award (DE150101897).
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Schwessinger, B., Rathjen, J.P. (2017). Extraction of High Molecular Weight DNA from Fungal Rust Spores for Long Read Sequencing. In: Periyannan, S. (eds) Wheat Rust Diseases. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1659. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7249-4_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7249-4_5
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