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Avian and Reptilian Developmental Biology pp 47–67Cite as

A Step-by-Step Guide to Assemble a Reptilian Genome

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Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1650))

Abstract

Multiple technologies and software are now available facilitating the de novo sequencing and assembly of any vertebrate genome. Yet the quality of most available sequenced genomes is substantially poorer than that of the golden standard in the field: the human genome. Here, we present a step-by-step protocol for the successful sequencing and assembly of a high-quality snake genome that can be applied to any other reptilian or avian species. We combine the great sequencing depth and accuracy of short reads with the use of different insert size libraries for extended scaffolding followed by optical mapping. We show that this procedure improved the corn snake scaffold N50 from 3.7 kbp to 1.4 Mbp, currently making it one of the snake genomes with the longest scaffolds. Short guidelines are also given on the extraction of long DNA molecules from reptilian blood and the necessary modifications in DNA extraction protocols. This chapter is accompanied by a website (www.reptilomics.org/stepbystep.html), where we provide links to the suggested software, examples of input and output files, and running parameters.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Adrien Debry for blood collection, William H. Beluch for the sample preparation of the HiSeq2500 run, and Carine Langrez for the isolation of megabase DNA. We thank the Lucigen team for their support and results. The VIB Nucleomics Core team for the preparation of the BioNano samples and initial downstream analyses. Most computations were performed at the Vital-IT Centre for high-performance computing (www.vital-it.ch) of the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and the Baobab cluster of the University of Geneva. This work was supported by grants from the University of Geneva (Switzerland), the Swiss National Science Foundation (FNSNF, grants 31003A_140785 and SINERGIA CRSII3_132430), and the SystemsX.ch initiative (project EpiPhysX). The authors thank Michel Milinkovitch for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Yingguang Frank Chan was supported by the Max Planck Society. An iGE3 PhD award was granted to Asier Ullate-Agote.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Artificial and Natural Evolution (LANE), Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Sciences III, 30, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland

    Asier Ullate-Agote & Athanasia C. Tzika

  2. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland

    Asier Ullate-Agote & Athanasia C. Tzika

  3. Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

    Asier Ullate-Agote & Athanasia C. Tzika

  4. Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Spemannstrasse 39, Tübingen, 72076, Germany

    Yingguang Frank Chan

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  1. Asier Ullate-Agote
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  2. Yingguang Frank Chan
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  3. Athanasia C. Tzika
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Correspondence to Athanasia C. Tzika .

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  1. IRCMS, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan

    Guojun Sheng

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Ullate-Agote, A., Chan, Y.F., Tzika, A.C. (2017). A Step-by-Step Guide to Assemble a Reptilian Genome. In: Sheng, G. (eds) Avian and Reptilian Developmental Biology. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1650. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7216-6_3

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