Abstract
The present method describes the procedure to fabricate calcium phosphate foams with suitable open porosity, pore size, and composition to perform three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures with the objective to simulate the bone tissue microenvironment in vitro. Foams with two compositions but equivalent porosity can be fabricated. On the one hand, hydroxyapatite foams obtained by hydrolysis at 37 °C, with microstructure that mimics the small crystal size of the mineral component of bones, and on the other hand, beta tricalcium phosphate foams with polygonal grains obtained by sintering at 1100 °C. In the first part of the chapter the calcium phosphate foams are briefly described. Afterwards, the foaming process is described in detail, including alternatives to overcome processing problems than can arise. Finally, insights are provided on how to perform 3D cell cultures using the calcium phosphate foams as substrates.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ginebra MP, Montufar EB (2014) Injectable biomedical foams for bone regeneration. In: Netti P (ed) Biomedical foams for tissue engineering applications, 1st edn. Woodhead Publishing Ltd, UK
Kovtun A, Goeckelmann MJ, Niclas AA et al (2015) In vivo performance of novel soybean/gelatin-based bioactive and injectable hydroxyapatite foams. Acta Biomater 12:242–249
Montufar EB, Traykova T, Gil C et al (2010) Foamed surfactant solution as a template for self-setting injectable hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 6:876–885
Ginebra MP, Delgado JA, Harr I et al (2007) Factors affecting the structure and properties of an injectable self-setting calcium phosphate foam. J Biomed Mater Res 80A:351–361
Montufar EB, Traykova T, Schacht E et al (2010) Self-hardening calcium deficient hydroxyapatite/gelatine foams for bone regeneration. J Mater Sci Mater Med 21:863–869
Montufar EB, Traykova T, Planell JA et al (2011) Comparison of a low molecular weight and a macromolecular surfactant as foamingagents for injectable self setting hydroxyapatite foams: polysorbate 80 versus gelatin. Mater Sci Eng C 31:1498–1504
Perut F, Montufar EB, Ciapetti G et al (2011) Novel soybean/gelatine-based bioactive and injectable hydroxyapatite foam: material properties and cell response. Acta Biomater 7:1780–1787
Engstrand J, Montufar EB, Engqvist H et al (2016) Brushite foams - the effect of tween® 80 and Pluronic® F-127 on foam porosity and mechanical properties. J Biomed Mater Res Part B 104B:67–77
Montufar EB, Gil C, Traykova T et al (2008) Foamed beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds. Key Eng Mater 361–363:323–326
LeGeros RZ, LeGeros JP (2003) Calcium phosphate bioceramics: past, present and future. Key Eng Mater 240-242:3–10
Bohner M (2000) Calcium orthophosphates in medicine: from ceramics to calcium phosphate cements. Injury 31:D37–D47
Espanol M, Perez RA, Montufar EB et al (2009) Intrinsic porosity of calcium phosphate cements and its significance for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Acta Biomater 5:2752–2762
Ginebra MP, Canal C, Espanol M et al (2012) Calcium phosphate cements as drug delivery materials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 64:1090–1110
Koch MA, Vrij EJ, Engel E et al (2010) Perfusion cell seeding on large porous PLA/calcium phosphate composite scaffolds in a perfusion bioreactor system under varying perfusion parameters. J Biomed Mater Res A 95A:1011–1018
Gómez-Martínez M (2011) Cultivo de células mesenquimales de rata sobre espumas de hidroxiapatita mediante bioreactor de perfusion. Dissertation, Technical University of Catalonia
Carrodeguas RG, De Aza S (2011) α-tricalcium phosphate: synthesis, properties and biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 7:3536–3546
Montufar EB, Maazouz Y, Ginebra MP (2013) Relevance of the setting reaction to the injectability of tricalcium phosphate pastes. Acta Biomater 9:6188–6198
Hesaraki S, Nazarian H, Pourbaghi-Masouleh M et al (2014) Comparative study of mesenchymal stem cells osteogenic differentiation on low-temperature biomineralized nanocrystalline carbonated hydroxyapatite and sintered hydroxyapatite. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 102:108–118
Engel E, Del Valle S, Aparicio C et al (2008) Discerning the role of topography and ion exchange in cell response of bioactive tissue engineering scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 4:1341–1351
Chou YF, Huang W, Dunn JCY et al (2005) The effect of biomimetic apatite structure on osteoblast viability, proliferation, and gene expression. Biomaterials 26:285–295
Sadowska JM, Guillem-Marti J, Montufar EB, et al (2017) Biomimetic versus sintered calcium phosphates: the in vitro behavior of osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Engineering Part A, ahead of print. doi:10.1089/ten.TEA.2016.0406.
Acknowledgments
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie and it is cofinanced by the South Moravian Region under grant agreement no. 665860. We also thank the Spanish Government for financial support through the Project MAT2015-65601-R, co-funded by the EU through European Regional Development Funds. Support for the research of MPG was received through the “ICREA Academia” award for excellence in research, funded by the Generalitat de Catalunya. The project CEITEC 2020 (LQ1601) was supported from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under the National Sustainability Programme II.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Montufar, E.B., Vojtova, L., Celko, L., Ginebra, MP. (2017). Calcium Phosphate Foams: Potential Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Modeling in Three Dimensions. In: Koledova, Z. (eds) 3D Cell Culture. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1612. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7021-6_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7021-6_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7019-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7021-6
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols