The Immortal Senescence

  • Anna Bianchi-Smiraglia
  • Brittany C. Lipchick
  • Mikhail A. Nikiforov
Protocol
First Online:
Part of the Methods in Molecular Biology book series (MIMB, volume 1534)

Abstract

Activation of oncogenic signaling paradoxically results in the permanent withdrawal from cell cycle and induction of senescence (oncogene-induced senescence (OIS)). OIS is a fail-safe mechanism used by the cells to prevent uncontrolled tumor growth, and, as such, it is considered as the first barrier against cancer. In order to progress, tumor cells thus need to first overcome the senescent phenotype. Despite the increasing attention gained by OIS in the past 20 years, this field is still rather young due to continuous emergence of novel pathways and processes involved in OIS. Among the many factors contributing to incomplete understanding of OIS are the lack of unequivocal markers for senescence and the complexity of the phenotypes revealed by senescent cells in vivo and in vitro. OIS has been shown to play major roles at both the cellular and organismal levels in biological processes ranging from embryonic development to barrier to cancer progression. Here we will briefly outline major advances in methodologies that are being utilized for induction, identification, and characterization of molecular processes in cells undergoing oncogene-induced senescence. The full description of such methodologies is provided in the corresponding chapters of the book.

Key words

β-galactosidase Chromatin modifications Hayflick limit RAF RAS Oncogene-induced senescence p16INK4a p21WAF1/CIP1 p53 Senescence Telomeres 
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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  • Anna Bianchi-Smiraglia
    • 1
  • Brittany C. Lipchick
    • 1
  • Mikhail A. Nikiforov
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUSA

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