Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols pp 235-244 | Cite as
Dopaminergic Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells on PA6-Derived Adipocytes
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a promising source for cell replacement therapies. Parkinson’s disease is one of the candidate diseases for the cell replacement therapy since the motor manifestations of the disease are associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Stromal cell-derived inducing activity (SDIA) is the most commonly used method for the dopaminergic differentiation of hESCs. This chapter describes a simple, reliable, and scalable dopaminergic induction method of hESCs using PA6-derived adipocytes. Coculturing hESCs with PA6-derived adipocytes markedly reduces the variable outcomes among experiments. Moreover, the colony differentiation step of this method can also be used for the dopaminergic induction of mouse embryonic stem cells and NTERA2 cells as well.
Keywords:
Parkinson’s disease Human embryonic stem cells SDIA Adipocytes Dopaminergic differentiationNotes
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by AXREGEN (EU Framework 7 project, 214003), the Linnaeus grant Bagadilico (Swedish Research Council, No. 349-2007-8626), FNRS-Sinergia (Swiss National Foundation, No. 125408), and Strategic Research Area MultiPark (Multidisciplinary Research in Parkinson’s Disease) at Lund University.
References
- 1.Tachibana M, Amato P, Sparman M et al (2013) Human embryonic stem cells derived by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Cell 153:1228–1238. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.006 PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 2.Schulz TC, Noggle SA, Palmarini GM et al (2004) Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to dopaminergic neurons in serum-free suspension culture. Stem Cells 22:1218–1238. doi: 10.1634/stemcells. 2004-0114 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 3.Cho MS, Hwang D-Y, Kim D-W (2008) Efficient derivation of functional dopaminergic neurons from human embryonic stem cells on a large scale. Nat Protoc 3:1888–1894. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2008.188 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 4.Kriks S, Shim J-W, Piao J et al (2011) Dopamine neurons derived from human ES cells efficiently engraft in animal models of Parkinson’s disease. Nature 480:547–551. doi: 10.1038/nature10648 PubMedCentralPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 5.Brederlau A, Correia AS, Anisimov SV et al (2006) Transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived cells to a rat model of Parkinson’s disease: effect of in vitro differentiation on graft survival and teratoma formation. Stem Cells 24:1433–1440. doi: 10.1634/stemcells. 2005-0393 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 6.Vazin T, Becker KG, Chen J et al (2009) A novel combination of factors, termed SPIE, which promotes dopaminergic neuron differentiation from human embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 4:e6606. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006606 PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 7.Guloglu MO, Larsen A, Brundin P (2014) Adipocytes derived from PA6 cells reliably promote the differentiation of dopaminergic neurons from human embryonic stem cells. J Neurosci Res 92:564–573. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23355 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 8.Hayashi H, Morizane A, Koyanagi M et al (2008) Meningeal cells induce dopaminergic neurons from embryonic stem cells. Eur J Neurosci 27:261–268. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06027.x CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 9.Swistowska AM, da Cruz AB, Han Y et al (2010) Stage-specific role for shh in dopaminergic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells induced by stromal cells. Stem Cells Dev 19:71–82. doi: 10.1089/scd.2009.0107 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 10.Schwartz CM, Tavakoli T, Jamias C et al (2012) Stromal factors SDF1α, sFRP1, and VEGFD induce dopaminergic neuron differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. J Neurosci Res 90:1367–1381. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23064 PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 11.Morito S, Yaguchi K, Imada M et al (2005) Insulin signaling in adipocytes differentiated from mouse stromal MC3T3-G2/PA6 cells. Biol Pharm Bull 28:2040–2045CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 12.Morizane A, Darsalia V, Guloglu MO et al (2010) A simple method for large-scale generation of dopamine neurons from human embryonic stem cells. J Neurosci Res 88:3467–3478. doi: 10.1002/jnr.22515 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar