Abstract
Cell death is a vital process for maintaining tissue homeostasis and removing potentially harmful cells. Cell death can be both programmed and non-programmed and is commonly divided into two main forms, termed apoptotic and necrotic death modes. In this chapter cell death is classified into apoptosis, primary necrosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. This chapter outlines the measurement of these different types of cell death and the relationship of measuring MIF release in these assays.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Calandra T, Roger T (2003) Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: a regulator of innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 3:791
Bloom J, Sun S, Al-Abed Y (2016) MIF, a controversial cytokine: a review of structural features, challenges, and opportunities for drug development. Expert Opin Ther Targets 20(12):1463–1475
Calandra T et al (1994) The macrophage is an important and previously unrecognized source of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. J Exp Med 179(6):1895–1902
Rice EK et al (2003) Induction of MIF synthesis and secretion by tubular epithelial cells: a novel action of angiotensin II. Kidney Int 63(4):1265–1275
Calandra T et al (2000) Protection from septic shock by neutralization of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Nat Med 6:164
Radstake TRDJ et al (2005) Correlation of rheumatoid arthritis severity with the genetic functional variants and circulating levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Arthritis Rheum 52(10):3020–3029
Kim HR et al (2007) Macrophage migration inhibitory factor upregulates angiogenic factors and correlates with clinical measures in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 34(5):927–936
Foote A et al (2004) Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 31(2):268–273
Sánchez E et al (2006) Evidence of association of macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus. Genes Immun 7:433
Kok T et al (2018) Small-molecule inhibitors of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as an emerging class of therapeutics for immune disorders. Drug Discov Today 23(11):1910–1918
Hertelendy J et al (2018) Macrophage migration inhibitory factor - a favorable marker in inflammatory diseases? Curr Med Chem 25(5):601–605
Roth S et al (2015) Secondary necrotic neutrophils release interleukin-16C and macrophage migration inhibitory factor from stores in the cytosol. Cell Death Discov 1:15056–15056
Roth S, Solbach W, Laskay T (2016) IL-16 and MIF: messengers beyond neutrophil cell death. Cell Death Dis 7(1):e2049–e2049
Elmore S (2007) Apoptosis: a review of programmed cell death. Toxicol Pathol 35(4):495–516
Jorgensen I, Rayamajhi M, Miao EA (2017) Programmed cell death as a defence against infection. Nat Rev Immunol 17:151
Cohen JJ (1991) Programmed cell death in the immune system. Adv Immunol 50:55–85
Yang Y et al (2015) Programmed cell death and its role in inflammation. Mil Med Res 2(1):12
Choi JJ, Reich Iii CF, Pisetsky DS (2004) Release of DNA from dead and dying lymphocyte and monocyte cell lines in vitro. Scand J Immunol 60(1–2):159–166
Vermes I et al (1995) A novel assay for apoptosis. Flow cytometric detection of phosphatidylserine expression on early apoptotic cells using fluorescein labelled Annexin V. J Immunol Methods 184(1):39–51
Yurinskaya V et al (2017) A comparative study of U937 cell size changes during apoptosis initiation by flow cytometry, light scattering, water assay and electronic sizing. Apoptosis 22(10):1287–1295
Castilla R et al (2004) Dual effect of ethanol on cell death in primary culture of human and rat hepatocytes. Alcohol Alcohol 39(4):290–296
Tait SWG, Ichim G, Green DR (2014) Die another way--non-apoptotic mechanisms of cell death. J Cell Sci 127(Pt 10):2135–2144
Bergsbaken T, Fink SL, Cookson BT (2009) Pyroptosis: host cell death and inflammation. Nat Rev Microbiol 7(2):99–109
Man SM, Karki R, Kanneganti TD (2017) Molecular mechanisms and functions of pyroptosis, inflammatory caspases and inflammasomes in infectious diseases. Immunol Rev 277(1):61–75
Magna M, Pisetsky D (2015) The role of cell death in the pathogenesis of SLE: Is pyroptosis the missing link? Scand J Immunol 82(3):218–224
Aglietti RA, Dueber EC (2017) Recent insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying pyroptosis and gasdermin family functions. Trends Immunol 38(4):261–271
Vanaja SK, Rathinam VA, Fitzgerald KA (2015) Mechanisms of inflammasome activation: recent advances and novel insights. Trends Cell Biol 25(5):308–315
He Y, Hara H, Nunez G (2016) Mechanism and regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Trends Biochem Sci 41(12):1012–1021
Lang T et al (2018) Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is required for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Nat Commun 9(1):2223
Dhuriya YK, Sharma D (2018) Necroptosis: a regulated inflammatory mode of cell death. J Neuroinflammation 15(1):199
Omoto S et al (2015) Suppression of RIP3-dependent necroptosis by human cytomegalovirus. J Biol Chem 290(18):11635–11648
Murphy JM, Silke J (2014) Ars Moriendi; the art of dying well–new insights into the molecular pathways of necroptotic cell death. EMBO Rep 15(2):155–164
Hanson B (2016) Necroptosis: a new way of dying? Cancer Biol Ther 17(9):899–910
Kearney CJ, Martin SJ (2017) An inflammatory perspective on necroptosis. Mol Cell 65(6):965–973
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Zamani, S., Morand, E.F., Flynn, J.K. (2020). Assays for Inducing and Measuring Cell Death to Detect Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Release. In: Harris, J., Morand, E. (eds) Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2080. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9936-1_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9936-1_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-9935-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-9936-1
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols