Abstract
In order to obtain a detailed kinetic characterization, identify inhibitors, and elucidate the biological roles of an enzyme, it is advantageous to have a facile, sensitive enzyme assay protocol. Here we present a brief overview of the techniques available to monitor histidine phosphatase activity and provide protocols for measuring the activity and inhibition of PHPT1 in vitro using the fluorescent probe 6,8-difluoro-4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate (DiFMUP). This assay uses small quantities of commercially available materials, making its use feasible for most laboratories.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Boyer PD, Deluca M, Ebner KE, Hultquist DE, Peter JB (1962) Identification of phosphohistidine in digests from a probable intermediate of oxidative phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 237:PC3306–PC3308
Ek P, Pettersson G, Ek B, Gong F, Li J-P, Zetterqvist Ö (2002) Identification and characterization of a mammalian 14-kDa phosphohistidine phosphatase. Eur J Biochem 269:5016–5023
Klumpp S, Hermesmeier J, Selke D, Baumeister R, Kellner R, Krieglstein J (2002) Protein histidine phosphatase : a novel enzyme with potency for neuronal signaling. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 22:1420–1424
Kim Y, Huang J, Cohen P, Matthews HR (1993) Protein phosphatases 1, 2A, and 2C are protein histidine phosphatases. J Biol Chem 268:18513–18518
Matthews HR, MacKintosh C (1995) Protein histidine phosphatase activity in rat liver and spinach leaves. FEBS Lett 364:51–54
Fuhs SR, Hunter T (2017) phisphorylation: the emergence of histidine phosphorylation as a reversible regulatory modification. Curr Opin Cell Biol 45:8–16
Kee JM, Muir TW (2012) Chasing phosphohistidine, an elusive sibling in the phosphoamino acid family. ACS Chem Biol 7:44–51
Gonzalez-Sanchez MB, Lanucara F, Helm M, Eyers CE (2013) Attempting to rewrite history: challenges with the analysis of histidine-phosphorylated peptides. Biochem Soc Trans 41:1089–1095
Chen CC, Bruegger BB, Kern CW, Lin YC, Halpern RM, Smith RA (1977) Phosphorylation of nuclear proteins in rat regenerating liver. Biochemistry 16:4852–4855
Motojima K, Goto S (1993) A protein histidine kinase induced in rat liver by peroxisome proliferators. In vitro activation by Ras protein and guanine nucleotides. FEBS Lett 319:75–79
Hegde AN, Das MR (1987) Ras proteins enhance the phosphorylation of a 38 kDa protein (p38) in rat liver plasma membrane. FEBS Lett 217:74–80
Noiman S, Shaul Y (1995) Detection of histidine phospho-proteins in animal tissues. FEBS Lett 364:63–66
Srivastava S, Zhdanova O, Di L, Li Z, Albaqumi M, Wulff H et al (2008) Protein histidine phosphatase 1 negatively regulates CD4 T cells by inhibiting the K+ channel KCa3.1. Proc Natl Acad Sci 105:14442–14446
Mäurer A, Wieland T, Meissl F, Niroomand F, Mehringer R, Krieglstein J et al (2005) The β-subunit of G proteins is a substrate of protein histidine phosphatase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 334:1115–1120
Klumpp S, Bechmann G, Mäurer A, Selke D, Krieglstein J (2003) ATP-citrate lyase as a substrate of protein histidine phosphatase in vertebrates. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 306:110–115
Fuhs SR, Meisenhelder J, Aslanian A, Ma L, Zagorska A, Stankova M et al (2015) Monoclonal 1- and 3-phosphohistidine antibodies: new tools to study histidine phosphorylation. Cell 162:198–210
Hindupur SK, Colombi M, Fuhs SR, Matter MS, Guri Y, Adam K et al (2018) The protein histidine phosphatase LHPP is a tumour suppressor. Nature 555:678–682
Ma R, Kanders E, Beckman-Sundh U, Geng M, Ek P, Zetterqvist Ö et al (2005) Mutational study of human phosphohistidine phosphatase: effect on enzymatic activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 337:887–891
Martin DR, Dutta P, Mahajan S, Varma S, Stevens SM Jr (2016) Structural and activity characterization of human PHPT1 after oxidative modification. Sci Rep 6:1–12
Fujitaki JM, Fung G, Oh EY, Smith RA (1981) Characterization of chemical and enzymatic acid-labile phosphorylation of histone H4 using phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance. Biochemistry 20:3658–3664
Attwood PV, Ludwig K, Bergander K, Besant PG, Adina-Zada A, Krieglstein J et al (2010) Chemical phosphorylation of histidine-containing peptides based on the sequence of histone H4 and their dephosphorylation by protein histidine phosphatase. Biochim Biophys Acta 1804:199–205
Geladopoulos TP, Sotiroudis TG, Evangelopoulos AE (1991) A malachite green colorimetric assay for protein phosphatase activity. Anal Biochem 192:112–116
Feng J, Chen Y, Pu J, Yang X, Zhang C, Zhu S et al (2011) An improved malachite green assay of phosphate: mechanism and application. Anal Biochem 409:144–149
Beckman-Sundh U, Ek B, Zetterqvist Ö, Ek P (2011) A screening method for phosphohistidine phosphatase 1 activity. Ups J Med Sci 116:161–168
Inturi R, Wäneskog M, Vlachakis D, Ali Y, Ek P, Punga T et al (2014) A splice variant of the human phosphohistidine phosphatase 1 (PHPT1) is degraded by the proteasome. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 57:69–75
Ek P, Ek B, Zetterqvist Ö (2015) Phosphohistidine phosphatase 1 (PHPT1) also dephosphorylates phospholysine of chemically phosphorylated histone H1 and polylysine. Ups J Med Sci 120:20–27
Hiraishi H, Yokoi F, Kumon A (1998) 3-phosphohistidine and 6-phospholysine are substrates of a 56-kDa inorganic pyrophosphatase from bovine liver. Arch Biochem Biophys 349:381–387
Gong W, Li Y, Cui G, Hu J, Fang H, Jin C et al (2009) Solution structure and catalytic mechanism of human protein histidine phosphatase 1. Biochem J 418:337–344
McCullough BS, Barrios AM (2018) Facile, fluorogenic assay for protein histidine phosphatase activity. Biochemistry 57:2584–2589
Eerland M (2015) Design, synthesis and evaluation of PHP inhibitors. Dissertation, Technischen Universität Dortmund
Di Veroli GY, Fornari C, Goldlust I, Mills G, Koh SB, Bramhall JL et al (2015) An automated fitting procedure and software for dose-response curves with multiphasic features. Sci Rep 5:1–11
Beck B, Chen Y, Dere W, Devanarayan V, Eastwood BJ, Farmen MW et al (2004) Assay operations for SAR support. In: Assay guidance manual. Eli Lilly & Company and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, MD. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK91994/. Accessed 19 Nov 2018
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a Teva Pharmaceuticals Mark A. Goshko Memorial Grant award (56426-TEV) and an NSF award (CHE 1308766) to A.M.B.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
McCullough, B.S., Barrios, A.M. (2020). In Vitro Assays for Measuring Protein Histidine Phosphatase Activity. In: Eyers, C. (eds) Histidine Phosphorylation. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2077. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9884-5_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9884-5_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-9883-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-9884-5
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols