Abstract
8-Nitroguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP), which is the second messenger in nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species redox signaling, covalently binds to protein thiol groups (called S-guanylation) and exerts various biological functions. Synaptosomal associated protein 25 (SNAP-25), a member of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins, plays an important role in the process of membrane fusion. We previously showed that SNAP-25 is S-guanylated at cysteine 90. In addition, we revealed that S-guanylation of SNAP-25 increases SNARE complex formation, but decreases the affinity of SNARE complex for complexin. Since SNAP-25 plays a critical role in regulating exocytosis, it is important to elucidate the physiological or pathophysiological meanings of S-guanylation of this protein. Here we describe a protocol for detecting 8-nitro-cGMP and S-guanylated proteins in cells by immunocytochemistry, and methods to detect SNARE complex in 8-nitro-cGMP-treated cells.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Nishida M, Kumagai Y, Ihara H, Fujii S, Motohashi H, Akaike T (2016) Redox signaling regulated by electrophiles and reactive sulfur species. J Clin Biochem Nutr 58(2):91–98. https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.15-111
Sawa T, Ihara H, Ida T, Fujii S, Nishida M, Akaike T (2013) Formation, signaling functions, and metabolisms of nitrated cyclic nucleotide. Nitric Oxide 34:10–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2013.04.004
Sawa T, Zaki MH, Okamoto T, Akuta T, Tokutomi Y, Kim-Mitsuyama S, Ihara H, Kobayashi A, Yamamoto M, Fujii S, Arimoto H, Akaike T (2007) Protein S-guanylation by the biological signal 8-nitroguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate. Nat Chem Biol 3(11):727–735. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.2007.33
Fujii S, Sawa T, Ihara H, Tong KI, Ida T, Okamoto T, Ahtesham AK, Ishima Y, Motohashi H, Yamamoto M, Akaike T (2010) The critical role of nitric oxide signaling, via protein S-guanylation and nitrated cyclic GMP, in the antioxidant adaptive response. J Biol Chem 285(31):23970–23984. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.145441
Ihara H, Kasamatsu S, Kitamura A, Nishimura A, Tsutsuki H, Ida T, Ishizaki K, Toyama T, Yoshida E, Abdul Hamid H, Jung M, Matsunaga T, Fujii S, Sawa T, Nishida M, Kumagai Y, Akaike T (2017) Exposure to electrophiles impairs reactive persulfide-dependent redox signaling in neuronal cells. Chem Res Toxicol 30(9):1673–1684. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00120
Kunieda K, Tsutsuki H, Ida T, Kishimoto Y, Kasamatsu S, Sawa T, Goshima N, Itakura M, Takahashi M, Akaike T, Ihara H (2015) 8-nitro-cGMP enhances SNARE complex formation through S-guanylation of Cys90 in SNAP25. ACS Chem Neurosci 6(10):1715–1725. https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00196
Brunger AT (2005) Structure and function of SNARE and SNARE-interacting proteins. Q Rev Biophys 38(1):1–47. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033583505004051
Jahn R, Fasshauer D (2012) Molecular machines governing exocytosis of synaptic vesicles. Nature 490(7419):201–207. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11320
Mohrmann R, Dhara M, Bruns D (2015) Complexins: small but capable. Cell Mol Life Sci 72(22):4221–4235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-1998-8
Kishimoto Y, Kunieda K, Kitamura A, Kakihana Y, Akaike T, Ihara H (2017) 8-nitro-cGMP attenuates the interaction between SNARE complex and complexin through S-guanylation of SNAP-25. ACS Chem Neurosci 9:217. https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00363
Di Stasi AM, Mallozzi C, Macchia G, Maura G, Petrucci TC, Minetti M (2002) Peroxynitrite affects exocytosis and SNARE complex formation and induces tyrosine nitration of synaptic proteins. J Neurochem 82(2):420–429. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00980.x
Meffert MK, Calakos NC, Scheller RH, Schulman H (1996) Nitric oxide modulates synaptic vesicle docking fusion reactions. Neuron 16(6):1229–1236. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80149-X
Ramos-Miguel A, Beasley CL, Dwork AJ, Mann JJ, Rosoklija G, Barr AM, Honer WG (2015) Increased SNARE protein-protein interactions in orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortices in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 78(6):361–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.12.012
Wittig I, Braun HP, Schagger H (2006) Blue native PAGE. Nat Protoc 1(1):418–428. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.62
Tamura S (2008) PSSJ Archives, 1, e015. http://www.pssj.jp/archives/protocol/measurement/blue_01/blue_01.html
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Kishimoto, Y., Akaike, T., Ihara, H. (2019). SNAP-25 S-Guanylation and SNARE Complex Formation. In: Fratti, R. (eds) SNAREs. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1860. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8760-3_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8760-3_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-8759-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-8760-3
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols