Abstract
Identification, isolation, and clonal culture of stem cells is essential for understanding their proliferative and differentiation potential, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate their fate. Akin to development in vivo, the in vitro growth of adult lung epithelial stem cells requires support of mesenchymal-derived growth factors. In the adult mouse lung, epithelial stem/progenitor cells are defined by the phenotype CD45neg CD31neg EpCAMpos CD104pos CD24low, and mesenchymal cells are defined by the phenotype CD45neg CD31neg EpCAMneg Sca-1hi. Here we describe a method for primary cell isolation from the adult mouse lung, a flow cytometry strategy for fractionation of epithelial stem/progenitor cells and mesenchymal cells, and a three-dimensional epithelial colony-forming assay.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Kotton DN, Morrisey EE (2014) Lung regeneration: mechanisms, applications and emerging stem cell populations. Nat Med 20(8):822–832. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3642
Bertoncello I (2016) Properties of adult lung stem and progenitor cells. J Cell Physiol 231(12):2582–2589. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.25404
McQualter JL, Laurent GJ (2015) Delineating the hierarchy of lung progenitor cells and their response to influenza. Eur Respir J 46(2):315–317. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00011915
McQualter JL, Yuen K, Williams B, Bertoncello I (2010) Evidence of an epithelial stem/progenitor cell hierarchy in the adult mouse lung. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(4):1414–1419. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0909207107
Rock JR, Onaitis MW, Rawlins EL, Lu Y, Clark CP, Xue Y, Randell SH, Hogan BLM (2009) Basal cells as stem cells of the mouse trachea and human airway epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(31):12771–12775. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0906850106
McQualter JL, McCarty RC, Van der Velden J, O’Donoghue RJ, Asselin-Labat ML, Bozinovski S, Bertoncello I (2013) TGF-beta signaling in stromal cells acts upstream of FGF-10 to regulate epithelial stem cell growth in the adult lung. Stem Cell Res 11(3):1222–1233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scr.2013.08.007
Tropea KA, Leder E, Aslam M, Lau AN, Raiser DM, Lee JH, Balasubramaniam V, Fredenburgh LE, Alex Mitsialis S, Kourembanas S, Kim CF (2012) Bronchioalveolar stem cells increase after mesenchymal stromal cell treatment in a mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 302(9):L829–L837. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00347.2011
Quantius J, Schmoldt C, Vazquez-Armendariz AI, Becker C, El Agha E, Wilhelm J, Morty RE, Vadasz I, Mayer K, Gattenloehner S, Fink L, Matrosovich M, Li X, Seeger W, Lohmeyer J, Bellusci S, Herold S (2016) Influenza virus infects epithelial stem/progenitor cells of the distal lung: impact on Fgfr2b-driven epithelial repair. PLoS Pathog 12(6):e1005544. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005544
Lee JH, Bhang DH, Beede A, Huang TL, Stripp BR, Bloch KD, Wagers AJ, Tseng YH, Ryeom S, Kim CF (2014) Lung stem cell differentiation in mice directed by endothelial cells via a BMP4-NFATc1-thrombospondin-1 axis. Cell 156(3):440–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.039
Rawlins EL, Okubo T, Xue Y, Brass DM, Auten RL, Hasegawa H, Wang F, Hogan BL (2009) The role of Scgb1a1+ Clara cells in the long-term maintenance and repair of lung airway, but not alveolar, epithelium. Cell Stem Cell 4(6):525–534
Hong KU, Reynolds SD, Watkins S, Fuchs E, Stripp BR (2004) In vivo differentiation potential of tracheal basal cells: evidence for multipotent and unipotent subpopulations. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 286(4):L643–L649. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00155.2003
Hegab AE, Ha VL, Gilbert JL, Zhang KX, Malkoski SP, Chon AT, Darmawan DO, Bisht B, Ooi AT, Pellegrini M, Nickerson DW, Gomperts BN (2011) Novel stem/progenitor cell population from murine tracheal submucosal gland ducts with multipotent regenerative potential. Stem Cells 29(8):1283–1293. https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.680
Tesei A, Zoli W, Arienti C, Storci G, Granato AM, Pasquinelli G, Valente S, Orrico C, Rosetti M, Vannini I, Dubini A, Dell’Amore D, Amadori D, Bonafe M (2009) Isolation of stem/progenitor cells from normal lung tissue of adult humans. Cell Prolif 42(3):298–308
Hong KU, Reynolds SD, Watkins S, Fuchs E, Stripp BR (2004) Basal cells are a multipotent progenitor capable of renewing the bronchial epithelium. Am J Pathol 164(2):577–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63147-1
Giangreco A, Reynolds SD, Stripp BR (2002) Terminal bronchioles harbor a unique airway stem cell population that localizes to the bronchoalveolar duct junction. Am J Pathol 161(1):173–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64169-7
Reynolds SD, Giangreco A, Power JH, Stripp BR (2000) Neuroepithelial bodies of pulmonary airways serve as a reservoir of progenitor cells capable of epithelial regeneration. Am J Pathol 156(1):269–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64727-X
Guha A, Vasconcelos M, Cai Y, Yoneda M, Hinds A, Qian J, Li G, Dickel L, Johnson JE, Kimura S, Guo J, McMahon J, McMahon AP, Cardoso WV (2012) Neuroepithelial body microenvironment is a niche for a distinct subset of Clara-like precursors in the developing airways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(31):12592–12597. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1204710109
Kim CF, Jackson EL, Woolfenden AE, Lawrence S, Babar I, Vogel S, Crowley D, Bronson RT, Jacks T (2005) Identification of bronchioalveolar stem cells in normal lung and lung cancer. Cell 121(6):823–835
Chapman HA, Li X, Alexander JP, Brumwell A, Lorizio W, Tan K, Sonnenberg A, Wei Y, Vu TH (2011) Integrin alpha6beta4 identifies an adult distal lung epithelial population with regenerative potential in mice. J Clin Invest 121(7):2855–2862. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI57673
Barkauskas CE, Cronce MJ, Rackley CR, Bowie EJ, Keene DR, Stripp BR, Randell SH, Noble PW, Hogan BL (2013) Type 2 alveolar cells are stem cells in adult lung. J Clin Invest 123(7):3025–3036. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI68782
Chen Q, Suresh Kumar V, Finn J, Jiang D, Liang J, Zhao YY, Liu Y (2017) CD44high alveolar type II cells show stem cell properties during steady-state alveolar homeostasis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 313(1):L41–L51. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00564.2016
Teisanu RM, Chen H, Matsumoto K, McQualter JL, Potts E, Foster WM, Bertoncello I, Stripp BR (2011) Functional analysis of two distinct bronchiolar progenitors during lung injury and repair. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 44(6):794–803. https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2010-0098OC
Chen H, Matsumoto K, Brockway BL, Rackley CR, Liang J, Lee JH, Jiang D, Noble PW, Randell SH, Kim CF, Stripp BR (2012) Airway epithelial progenitors are region specific and show differential responses to bleomycin-induced lung injury. Stem Cells 30(9):1948–1960. https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.1150
Lee JH, Kim J, Gludish D, Roach RR, Saunders AH, Barrios J, Woo AJ, Chen H, Conner DA, Fujiwara Y, Stripp B, Kim CF (2012) SPC H2B-GFP mice reveal heterogeneity of surfactant protein C-expressing lung cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 48(3):288–298. https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2011-0403OC
Wion D, Christen T, Barbier EL, Coles JA (2009) PO(2) matters in stem cell culture. Cell Stem Cell 5(3):242–243
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by grants from RMIT University and the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Bertoncello, I., Carraro, G., McQualter, J.L. (2018). Detection, Labeling, and Culture of Lung Stem and Progenitor Cells. In: Singh, S., Rameshwar, P. (eds) Somatic Stem Cells. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1842. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8697-2_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8697-2_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-8696-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-8697-2
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols