Abstract
Developments in mass spectrometry (MS) instrumentation have supported the advance of a variety of proteomic technologies that have enabled scientists to assess differences between healthy and diseased states. In particular, the ability to identify altered biological processes in a cell has led to the identification of novel drug targets, the development of more effective therapeutic drugs, and the growth of new diagnostic approaches and tools for personalized medicine applications. Nevertheless, large-scale proteomic data generated by modern mass spectrometers are extremely complex and necessitate equally complex bioinformatics tools and computational algorithms for their interpretation. A vast number of commercial and public resources have been developed for this purpose, often leaving the researcher perplexed at the overwhelming list of choices that exist. To address this challenge, the aim of this chapter is to provide a roadmap to the basic steps that are involved in mass spectrometry data acquisition and processing, and to describe the most common tools that are available for placing the results in biological context.
References
UniProt Consortium (2015) UniProt: a hub for protein information. Nucleic Acids Res 43:D204–D212
Apweiler R, Bairoch A, CH W et al (2004) UniProt: the universal protein knowledgebase. Nucleic Acids Res 32(90001):115D–1119
Alpi E, Griss J, da Silva AW et al (2016) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, the manually annotated section of the UniProt KnowledgeBase: how to use the entry view. Methods Mol Biol 1374:23–54
Boeckmann B, Bairoch A, Apweiler R et al (2003) The SWISS-PROT protein knowledgebase and its supplement TrEMBL. Nucleic Acids Res 31(1):365–370
CH W, Yeh L-SL, Huang H et al (2003) The protein information resource. Nucleic Acids Res 31(1):345–347
Westbrook J, Feng Z, Jain S et al (2002) The Protein Data Bank: unifying the archive. Nucleic Acids Res 30:245–248
Pruitt KD, Tatusova T, Maglott DR (2005) NCBI Reference Sequence (RefSeq): a curated non-redundant sequence database of genomes, transcripts and proteins. Nucleic Acids Res 33:D501–D504
Suzek BE, Huang H, McGarvey P et al (2007) UniRef: comprehensive and non-redundant UniProt reference clusters. Bioinformatics 23(10):1282–1288
Perkins DN, Pappin DJ, Creasy DM et al (1999) Probability-based protein identification by searching sequence databases using mass spectrometry data. Electrophoresis 20:3551–3567
Jacob RJ, Baker PR, Huang L et al (2000) Maximinizing proteomic information from MS data: enhancements to protein prospector, a suite of programs for mining genomic databases. Paper presented at the 48th ASMS conference of mass spectrometry and allied topics, Long Beach, 27–31 May 2000
Zhang W, Chait BT (2000) ProFound: an expert system for protein identification using mass spectrometric peptide mapping information. Anal Chem 72(11):2482–2489
Beavis R, Fenyö D (2004) Finding protein sequences using PROWL. Curr Protoc Bioinform Chapter 13:Unit 13.2
Eng J, McCormack AL, Yates JR III (1994) An approach to correlate tandem mass spectral data of peptides with amino acid sequences in a protein database. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 5(11):976–989
Zhang J, Xin L, Shan B et al (2012) PEAKS DB: de novo sequencing assisted database search for sensitive and accurate peptide identification. Mol Cell Proteomics 11:M111 010587
Gillet LC, Navarro P, Tate S et al (2012) Targeted data extraction of the MS/MS spectra generated by data-independent acquisition: a new concept for consistent and accurate proteome analysis. Mol Cell Proteomics 11(6):O111.016717
Röst HL, Rosenberger G, Navarro P et al (2014) OpenSWATH enables automated, targeted analysis of data-independent acquisition MS data. Nat Biotechnol 32(3):219–223
Craig R, Beavis RC (2004) TANDEM: matching proteins with tandem mass spectra. Bioinformatics 20:1466–1467
Geer LY, Markey SP, Kowalak JA et al (2004) Open mass spectrometry search algorithm. J Proteome Res 3:958–964
Tabb DL, Fernando CG, Chambers MC (2007) MyriMatch: highly accurate tandem mass spectral peptide identification by multivariate hypergeometric analysis. J Proteome Res 6:654–661
Cox J, Neuhauser N, Michalski A et al (2011) Andromeda: a peptide search engine integrated into the MaxQuant environment. J Proteoem Res 10:1794–1805
Dorfer V, Pichler P, Stranzl T et al (2014) MS Amanda, a universal identification algorithm optimized for high accuracy tandem mass spectra. J Proteome Res 13:3679–3684
Keller A, Nesvizhskii AI, Kolker E, Aebersold R (2002) Empirical statistical model to estimate the accuracy of peptide identifications made by MS/MS and database search. Anal Chem 74:5383–5392
Ma K, Vitek O, Nesvizhskii AI (2012) A statistical model-building perspective to identification of MS/MS spectra with PeptideProphet. BMC Bioinformatics 13(Suppl 16):S1
Nesvizhskii AI, Keller A, Kolker E, Aebersold R (2003) A statistical model for identifying proteins by tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 75:4646–4658
The M, Noble WS, MacCoss MJ, Kall L (2016) Fast and accurate protein false discovery rates on large-scale proteomics data sets with Percolator 3.0. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 27(11):1719–1727
Ma B, Zhang K, Hendrie C et al (2003) PEAKS: powerful software for peptide de novo sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 17(20):2337–2342
LeDuc RD, Taylor GK, Kim YB et al (2004) ProSight PTM: an integrated environment for protein identification and characterization by top-down mass spectrometry. Nucleic Acids Res 32:W340–W345
Tanner S, Shu H, Frank A et al (2005) InsPecT: identification of posttranslationally modified peptides from tandem mass spectra. Anal Chem 77:4626–4639
Deutsch EW, Mendoza L, Shteynberg D et al (2010) A guided tour of the trans-proteomic pipeline. Proteomics 10:1150–1159
MacLean B, Tomazela DM, Shulman N et al (2010) Skyline: an open source document editor for creating and analyzing targeted proteomics experiments. Bioinformatics 26(7):966–968
Li X-J, Zhang H, Ranish JR, Aebersold R (2003) Automated statistical analysis of protein abundance ratios from data generated by stable isotope dilution and tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 75:6648–6657
Han DK, Eng J, Zhou H, Aebersold R (2001) Quantitative profiling of differentiation-induced microsomal proteins using isotope- coded affinity tags and mass spectrometry. Nat Biotechnol 19:946–951
Pedrioli PGA, Eng JK, Hubley R et al (2004) A common open representation of mass spectrometry data and its application to proteomics research. Nat Biotechnol 22:1459–1466
Gonzalez-Galarza FF, Lawless C, Hubbard SJ et al (2012) A critical appraisal of techniques, software packages and standards for quantitative proteomic analysis. OMICS 16(9):431–442
Sturm M, Bertsch A, Gropl C et al (2008) OpenMS – an open-source software framework for mass spectrometry. BMC Bioinformatics 9:163
Kohlbacher O, Reinert K, Gröpl C et al (2007) TOPP – the OpenMS proteomics pipeline. Bioinformatics 23(2):e191–e197
Junker J, Bielow C, Bertsch A et al (2012) TOPPAS: a graphical workflow editor for the analysis of high-throughput proteomics data. J Proteome Res 11(7):3914–3920
Cox J, Mann M (2008) MaxQuant enables high peptide identification rates, individualized p.p.b.-range mass accuracies and proteome-wide protein quantification. Nat Biotechnol 26:1367–1372
Mortensen P, Gouw JW, Olsen JV et al (2010) MSQuant, an open source platform for mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics. Proteome Res 9(1):393–403
Lu P, Vogel C, Wang R et al (2007) Absolute protein expression profiling estimates the relative contributions of transcriptional and translational regulation. Nat Biotech 25(1):117–124
Searle BC (2010) Scaffold: a bioinformatic tool for validating MS/MS-based proteomic studies. Proteomics 10(6):1265–1269
Lundgren DH, Martinez H, Wright ME, Han DK (2009) Protein identification using Sorcerer 2 and SEQUEST. Curr Protoc Bioinform Chapter 13:Unit 13.3
VizcaÃno JA, Csordas A, del-Toro N et al (2015) 2016 Update of the PRIDE database and its related tools. Nucleic Acids Res 44(D1):D447–D456
Desiere F, Deutsch EW, King NL (2006) The PeptideAtlas Project. Nucleic Acids Res 34:D655–D658
Schwämmle V, Sidoli S, Ruminowicz C et al (2016) Systems level analysis of histone H3 post-translational modifications (PTMs) reveals features of PTM crosstalk in chromatin regulation. Mol Cell Proteomics 15:2715–2729
Lam H, Deutsch EW, Eddes JS et al (2007) Development and validation of a spectral library searching method for peptide identification from MS/MS. Proteomics 7(5):655–657
Lam H, Deutsch EW, Eddes JS et al (2008) Building consensus spectral libraries for peptide identification in proteomics. Nat Methods 5(10):873–875
The Gene Ontology Consortium (2000) Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology. Nat Genet 25:25–29
The Gene Ontology Consortium (2015) Gene ontology consortium: going forward. Nucleic Acids Res 43:D1049–D1056
Mi H, Muruganujan A, Casagrande JT, Thomas PD (2013) Large-scale gene function analysis with the PANTHER classification system. Nat Protoc 8(8):1551–1566
Zeeberg BR, Feng W, Wang G et al (2003) GoMiner: a resource for biological interpretation of genomic and proteomic data. Genome Biol 4(4):R28
Huang DW, Sherman BT, Lempicki RA (2009) Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources. Nat Protoc 4(1):44–57
Huang DW, Sherman BT, Lempicki RA (2009) Bioinformatics enrichment tools: paths toward the comprehensive functional analysis of large gene lists. Nucleic Acids Res 37(1):1–13
Hosack DA, Dennis G Jr, Sherman BT et al (2003) Identifying biological themes within lists of genes with EASE. Genome Biol 4(10):R70
Mootha VK, Lindgren CM, Eriksson K-F et al (2003) PGC-1alpha-responsive genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation are coordinately downregulated in human diabetes. Nat Genet 34(3):267–273
Subramanian A, Tamayo P, Mootha VK et al (2005) Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(43):15545–15550
Shannon P, Markiel A, Ozier O (2003) Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks. Genome Res 13:2498–2504
Snel B, Lehmann G, Bork P, Huynen MA (2000) STRING: a web-server to retrieve and display the repeatedly occurring neighbourhood of a gene. Nucleic Acids Res 28(18):3442–3444
Szklarczyk D, Franceschini A, Wyder S et al (2015) STRING v10: protein-protein interaction networks, integrated over the tree of life. Nucleic Acids Res 43:D447–D452
Carazzolle MF, de Carvalho LM, Slepicka HH et al (2014) IIS-integrated interactome system: a Web-based platform for the annotation, analysis and visualization of protein-metabolite-gene-drug interactions by integrating a variety of data sources and tools. PLoS One 9(6):e100385
Antonov AV, Dietmann S, Rodchenkov I, Mewes HW (2009) PPI spider: a tool for the interpretation of proteomics data in the context of protein protein interaction networks. Proteomics 9(10):2740–2749
McDowall MD, Scott MS, Barton GJ (2009) PIPs: human protein-protein interactions prediction database. Nucleic Acids Res 37:D651–D656
Scott MS, Barton GJ (2007) Probabilistic prediction and ranking of human protein protein interactions. BMC Bioinformatics 8:239–260
Stark C, Breitkreutz BJ, Reguly T et al (2006) BioGRID: a general repository for interaction datasets. Nucleic Acids Res 34:D535–D539
Breitkreutz BJ, Stark C, Tyers M (2003) The GRID: the general repository for interaction datasets. Genome Biol 4(3):R23
Prasad TSK, Goel R, Kandasamy K et al (2009) Human protein reference database – 2009 update. Nucleic Acids Res 37:D767–D772
Hermjakob H, Montecchi-Palazzi L, Lewington C et al (2004) IntAct: an open source molecular interaction database. Nucleic Acids Res 32:D452–D455
Orchard S, Ammari M, Aranda B et al (2014) The MIntAct project—IntAct as a common curation platform for 11 molecular interaction databases. Nucleic Acid Res 42:D358–D363
Licata L, Briganti L, Peluso D et al (2012) Nucleic Acids Res 40:D857–D861
Pagel P, Kovac S, Oesterheld M et al (2005) The MIPS mammalian protein-protein interaction database. Bioinformatics 21(6):832–834
Xenarios I, Rice DW, Salwinski L et al (2000) DIP: the database of interacting proteins. Nucleic Acids Res 28(1):289–291
Gaulton A, Bellis LJ, Bento AP et al (2012) ChEMBL: a large-scale bioactivity database for drug discovery. Nucleic Acids Res 40:D1100–D1107
Knox C, Law V, Jewison T et al (2011) DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for ‘omics’ research on drugs. Nucleic Acids Res 39:D1035–D1041
Croft D, Mundo AF, Haw R et al (2014) The reactome pathway knowledgebase. Nucleic Acids Res 42:D472–D477
Maere S, Heymans K, Kuiper M (2005) BiNGO: a cytoscape plugin to assess overrepresentation of gene ontology categories in biological networks. Bioinformatics 21:3448–3449
Mostafavi S, Ray D, Warde-Farley D et al (2008) GeneMANIA: a real-time multiple association network integration algorithm for predicting gene function. Genome Biol 9(Suppl 1):S4
Ogata H, Goto S, Sato K et al (1999) KEGG: Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Nucleic Acids Res 27:29–34
Pratt D, Chen J, Welker D et al (2015) NDEx, the network data exchange. Cell Systems 1(4):302–305
Kutmon M, Riutta A, Nunes N et al (2016) WikiPathways: capturing the full diversity of pathway knowledge. Nucleic Acids Res 44:D488–D494
Kelder T, van Iersel MP, Hanspers K et al (2012) WikiPathways: building research communities on biological pathways. Nucleic Acids Res 40:D1301–D1307
Kutmon M, van Iersel MP, Bohler A et al (2015) PathVisio 3: an extendable pathway analysis toolbox. PLoS Comput Biol 11(2):e1004085
Cerami EG, Gross BE, Demir E et al (2011) Pathway commons, a web resource for biological pathway data. Nucleic Acids Res 39:D685–D690
Horn H, Schoof EM, Kim J et al (2014) KinomeXplorer: an integrated platform for kinome biology studies. Nat Methods 11(6):603–604
Artimo P, Jonnalagedda M, Arnold K et al (2012) ExPASy: SIB bioinformatics resource portal. Nucleic Acids Res 40(W1):W597–W603
Finn RD, Attwood TK, Babbitt PC et al (2017) InterPro in 2017 – beyond protein family and domain annotations. Nucleic Acids Res 45:D190–D199
Finn RD, Coggill P, Eberhardt RY et al (2016) The Pfam protein families database: towards a more sustainable future. Nucleic Acids Res 44(D1):D279–D285
Sigrist CJA, Cerutti L, Hulo N et al (2002) PROSITE: a documented database using patterns and profiles as motif descriptors. Brief Bioinform 3:265–274
Schultz J, Milpetz F, Bork P, Ponting CP (1998) SMART, a simple modular architecture research tool: identification of signaling domains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:5857–5864
Ruepp A, Waegele B, Lechner M et al (2010) CORUM: the comprehensive resource of mammalian protein complexes—2009. Nucleic Acids Res 38:D497–D501
Hornbeck PV, Zhang B, Murray B et al (2015) PhosphoSitePlus, 2014: mutations, PTMs and recalibrations. Nucleic Acids Res 43:D512–D520
Gnad F, Ren S, Cox J et al (2007) PHOSIDA (phosphorylation site database): management, structural and evolutionary investigation, and prediction of phosphosites. Genome Biol 8:R250
Dinkel H, Chica C, Via A et al (2011) Phospho.ELM: a database of phosphorylation sites – update 2011. Nucleic Acids Res 39:D261–D267
Huang HD, Lee TY, Tseng SW, Horng JT (2005) KinasePhos: a web tool for identifying protein kinase-specific phosphorylation sites. Nucleic Acids Res 33:W226–W229
Amanchy R, Periaswamy B, Mathivanan S et al (2007) A curated compendium of phosphorylation motifs. Nat Biotechnol 25(3):285–286
Cooper CA, Gasteiger E, Packer N (2001) GlycoMod – a software tool for determining glycosylation compositions from mass spectrometric data. Proteomics 1:340–349
Cooper CA, Gasteiger E, Packer N (2003) Predicting glycan composition from experimental mass using GlycoMod. In: Conn PM (ed) Handbook of proteomic methods. Humana, Totowa, NJ, pp 225–232
Hayes CA, Karlsson NG, Struwe WB et al (2011) UniCarb-DB: a database resource for glycomic discovery. Bioinformatics 27(9):1343–1344
Campbell MP, Nguyen-Khuong T, Hayes CA et al (2014) Validation of the curation pipeline of UniCarb-DB: building a global glycan reference MS/MS repository. Biochim Biophys Acta 1844(1 Pt A):108–116
Cooper CA, Harrison MJ, Wilkins MR, Packer NH (2001) GlycoSuiteDB: a new curated relational database of glycoprotein glycan structures and their biological sources. Nucleic Acids Res 29(1):332–335
Zhang H, Loriaux P, Eng J et al (2006) UniPep, a database for human N-linked glycosites: a resource for biomarker discovery. Genome Biol 7:R73
Han X, He L, Xin L et al (2011) PEAKS PTM: mass spectrometry based identification of peptides with unspecified modifications. J Proteome Res 10(7):2930–2936
Goecks J, Nekrutenko A, Taylor J, Team G (2010) Galaxy: a comprehensive approach for supporting accessible, reproducible, and transparent computational research in the life sciences. Genome Biol 11(8):R86
Blankenberg D, Kuster GV, Coraor N et al (2010) Galaxy: a web-based genome analysis tool for experimentalists. Curr Protoc Mol Biol Ch 19:Unit 19.10.1–Unit 19.1021
Taylor J, Schenck I, Blankenberg D, Nekrutenko A (2007) Using galaxy to perform large-scale interactive data analyses. In: Baxevanis AD (ed) Current protocols in bioinformatics, pp 1–77, Unit 10-5, Wiley Online Library
Wolstencroft K, Haines R, Fellows D et al (2013) The Taverna workflow suite: designing and executing workflows of Web services on the desktop, web or in the cloud. Nucleic Acids Res 41(W1):W557–W561
Tiwari A, Sekhar AK (2007) Workflow based framework for life science informatics. Comput Biol Chem 31(5–6):305–319
Gillette MA, Carr SA (2013) Quantitative analysis of peptides and proteins in biomedicine by targeted mass spectrometry. Nat Methods 10(1):28–34
Tenga MJ, Lazar IM (2014) Proteomic study reveals a functional network of cancer markers in the G1-stage of the breast cancer cell cycle. BMC Cancer 14:710
Giansanti P, Tsiatsiani L, Low TY, Heck AJR (2016) Six alternative proteases for mass spectrometry–based proteomics beyond trypsin. Nat Protoc 11(5):993–1006
Lazar IM (2009) Recent advances in capillary and microfluidic platforms with MS detection for the analysis of phosphoproteins. Electrophoresis 30(1):262–275
Lazar IM, Deng J, Ikenishi F, Lazar AC (2015) Exploring the glycoproteomics landscape with advanced MS technologies. Electrophoresis 36(1):225–237
Deracinois B, Flahaut C, Duban-Deweer S, Karamanos Y (2013) Comparative and quantitative global proteomics approaches: an overview. Proteomes 1:180–218
Kuzyk MA, Parker CE, Domanski D, Borchers CH (2013) Development of MRM-based assays for the absolute quantitation of plasma proteins. Methods Mol Biol 1023:53–82
Zubarev RA, Makarov A (2013) Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 85:5288–5296
Wells MJ, McLuckey SA (2005) Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of peptides and proteins. Methods Enzymol 402:148–185
Syka JE, Coon JJ, Schroeder MJ et al (2004) Peptide and protein sequence analysis by electron transfer dissociation mass spectrometry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(26):9528–9533
Olsen JV, Macek B, Lange O et al (2007) Higher-energy C-trap dissociation for peptide modification analysis. Nat Methods 4:709–712
Pinho AJ, Pratas D (2014) MFCompress: a compression tool for FASTA and multi-FASTA data. Bioinformatics 30(1):117–118
Elias JE, Gygi SP (2010) Target-decoy search strategy for mass spectrometry-based, proteomics. Methods Mol Biol 604:55–71
Cappadona S, Baker PR, Cutillas PR et al (2012) Current challenges in software solutions for mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics. Amino Acids 43(3):1087–1108
Chen Y, Wang F, Xu F, Yang T (2016) Mass spectrometry-based protein quantitation (Chapter 15). In: Mirzaei H, Carrasco M (eds) Modern proteomics-sample preparation analysis and practical application. Springer, New York, NY, pp 255–279
Li Z, Adams RM, Chourey K (2012) Systematic comparison of label-free, metabolic labeling, and isobaric chemical labeling for quantitative proteomics on LTQ Orbitrap Velos. J Proteome Res 11(3):1582–1590
Schwanhausser B, Busse D, Li N et al (2011) Global quantification of mammalian gene expression control. Nature 473:337–342
Rappsilber J, Ryder U, Lamond AI, Mann M (2002) Large-scale proteomic analysis of the human spliceosome. Genome Res 12:1231–1245
Ishihama Y, Oda Y, Tabata T et al (2005) Exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI) for estimation of absolute protein amount in proteomics by the number of sequenced peptides per protein. Mol Cell Proteomics 4:1265–1272
Choi H, Fermin D, Nesvizhskii AI (2008) Significance analysis of spectral count data in label-free shotgun proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 7(12):2373–2385
Carvalho PC, Lima DB, Leprevost FV et al (2016) Integrated analysis of shotgun proteomic data with PatternLab for proteomics 4.0. Nat Protoc 11(1):102–117
Kolmogorov M, Liu X, Pevzner PA (2016) SpectroGene: a tool for proteogenomic annotations using top-down spectra. J Proteome Res 15:144–151
Paik Y-K, Omenn GS, Uhlen M et al (2012) Standard guidelines for the chromosome-centric human proteome project. J Proteome Res 11(4):2005–2013
Taylor CF, Paton NW, Lilley KS et al (2007) The minimum information about a proteomics experiment (MIAPE). Nat Biotechnol 25:887–893
Lavallée-Adam M, Rauniyar N, McClatchy DB, Yates JR 3rd (2014) PSEA-Quant: a protein set enrichment analysis on label-free and label-based protein quantification data. J Proteome Res 13(12):5496–5509
Carnielli CM, Winck FV, Paes Leme AF (2015) Functional annotation and biological interpretation of proteomics data. Biochim Biophys Acta 1854(1):46–54
Yang X, Lazar IM (2014) XMAn: a Homo sapiens mutated-peptide database for MS analysis of cancerous cell states. J Proteome Res 13(12):5486–5495
Gehlenborg N, O’Donoghue SI, Baliga NS et al (2010) Visualization of omics data for systems biology. Nat Methods 7(3s):S56–S68
Cho CR, Labow M, Reinhardt M et al (2006) The application of systems biology to drug discovery. Curr Opin Chem Biol 10:294–302
Yin N, Ma W, Pei J et al (2014) Synergistic and antagonistic drug combinations depend on network topology. PLoS One 9(4):e93960
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by grant NSF/DBI-1255991 to I.M.L.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Lazar, I.M. (2017). Bioinformatics Resources for Interpreting Proteomics Mass Spectrometry Data. In: Lazar, I., Kontoyianni, M., Lazar, A. (eds) Proteomics for Drug Discovery. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1647. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7201-2_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7201-2_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7200-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7201-2
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols