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In Vitro-In Vivo Extrapolation to Predict Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Chemicals in Fish Using Physiologically Based Toxicokinetic Models

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In Situ Bioavailability and Toxicity of Organic Chemicals in Aquatic Systems

Part of the book series: Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology ((MIPT))

Abstract

Out of the >107 million chemicals already registered with the Chemical Abstracts Services, less than 0.5% are being regulated, and even fewer are evaluated for their safety. Consequently, a new paradigm in risk assessment is urgently needed. It should encompass faster and less costly methods and reduce the number of animals needed for testing. One proposal is to combine computational modeling with small-scale bioassay methods. This chapter describes the methods that link in vitro bioassays using fish cells with physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) modeling in order to predict the acute toxicity, bioaccumulation, and impact of chemicals on fish growth. The main focus is on PBTK modeling; thus all the model equations and parameters available for eight fish species as well as suggestions for possible software implementation will be provided. The PBTK model described here can account for respiratory and dietary uptake routes and for chemical biotransformation processes.

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Acknowledgments

Two ongoing research projects informed about several details that are presented in this chapter. These projects are the ECO34 project funded by the CEFIC-LRI, “A tiered testing strategy for rapid estimation of bioaccumulation by a combined modeling—in vitro testing approach” (PI: Prof. Kristin Schirmer), and the project funded by the 3R Swiss Foundation, “Combining computational modelling with in vitro cellular responses in order to predict chemical impact on fish growth” (PI: Prof. Kristin Schirmer).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Julita Stadnicka-Michalak & Kristin Schirmer

  2. Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland

    Julita Stadnicka-Michalak & Kristin Schirmer

  3. ETH Zürich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Zürich, Switzerland

    Kristin Schirmer

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  1. Julita Stadnicka-Michalak
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Correspondence to Julita Stadnicka-Michalak .

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  1. Hygiene-Institut des Ruhrgebiets, Gelsenkirchen, Germany

    Thomas-Benjamin Seiler

  2. Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

    Markus Brinkmann

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Stadnicka-Michalak, J., Schirmer, K. (2019). In Vitro-In Vivo Extrapolation to Predict Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Chemicals in Fish Using Physiologically Based Toxicokinetic Models. In: Seiler, TB., Brinkmann, M. (eds) In Situ Bioavailability and Toxicity of Organic Chemicals in Aquatic Systems. Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/7653_2019_34

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/7653_2019_34

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-2352-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-2353-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

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