@charset "UTF-8";@-webkit-keyframes transparent-to-yellow{0%,to{background:0 0}25%,75%{background:#ff9}}@keyframes transparent-to-yellow{0%,to{background:0 0}25%,75%{background:#ff9}}@-webkit-keyframes highlight{0%,60%{background-color:#ff9}to{background-color:#fff}}@keyframes highlight{0%,60%{background-color:#ff9}to{background-color:#fff}}ins{text-decoration:none}.app-journal-header__title a.active,.app-journal-header__title a.hover,.app-journal-header__title a:active,.app-journal-header__title a:hover,.u-h1 a.active,.u-h1 a.hover,.u-h1 a:active,.u-h1 a:hover,a,h1 a.active,h1 a.hover,h1 a:active,h1 a:hover{text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:ink;text-decoration-skip-ink:auto}html{font-family:sans-serif;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;height:100%;overflow-y:scroll;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;color:#333;line-height:1.61803;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:subpixel-antialiased;font-size:100%}body{line-height:1.5;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;background:#fcfcfc}article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,main,menu,nav,section{display:block}h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0}figure{margin:0}hr{-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box;height:0;overflow:visible}code,kbd,pre,samp{font-family:monospace,monospace;font-size:1em}a{background-color:transparent;color:#004b83;text-decoration-thickness:.0625rem;text-underline-offset:.08em}a:active,a:hover{outline-width:0}abbr[title]{border-bottom:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline dotted}b,strong{font-weight:bolder}dfn{font-style:italic}mark{background-color:#ff0;color:#000}small{font-size:80%}sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}sub{bottom:-.25em}sup{top:-.5em}audio,canvas,video{display:inline-block}audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}img{border:0;max-width:100%;height:auto;vertical-align:middle}svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%}input,optgroup,select,textarea{line-height:1.15}optgroup,select{margin:0}button,input{overflow:visible}button,select{text-transform:none}[type=reset],[type=submit],button,html [type=button]{-webkit-appearance:button}[type=button]::-moz-focus-inner,[type=reset]::-moz-focus-inner,[type=submit]::-moz-focus-inner,button::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;padding:0}[type=button]:-moz-focusring,[type=reset]:-moz-focusring,[type=submit]:-moz-focusring,button:-moz-focusring{outline:1px dotted ButtonText}fieldset{border:1px solid silver}[type=checkbox],[type=radio],legend{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}legend{color:inherit;display:table;max-width:100%;white-space:normal}progress{display:inline-block;vertical-align:baseline}textarea{overflow:auto}[type=checkbox],[type=radio]{padding:0}[type=number]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,[type=number]::-webkit-outer-spin-button{height:auto}[type=search]{-webkit-appearance:textfield;outline-offset:-2px}[type=search]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,[type=search]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}::-webkit-file-upload-button{-webkit-appearance:button;font:inherit}summary{display:list-item}[hidden],template{display:none}a:focus,a:hover{text-decoration:underline}button{cursor:pointer;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,'Helvetica Neue',sans-serif;border-radius:0;line-height:inherit}cite{font-style:normal}b:focus,dd:focus,div:focus,dl:focus,dt:focus,em:focus,h1:focus,h2:focus,h3:focus,h4:focus,h5:focus,i:focus,li:focus,ol:focus,p:focus,span:focus,strong:focus,ul:focus{outline:0}h1{margin-bottom:1em}.app-journal-header__title,h1{font-size:min(max(1.75rem,4vw),2rem)}.app-journal-header__title,.c-card--major .c-card__title,.u-h1,.u-h2,h1,h2{font-style:normal;font-family:Georgia,Palatino,serif}.u-h1{margin-bottom:1em;line-height:1.4;font-size:min(max(1.75rem,4vw),2rem)}.app-journal-header__title a,.c-card--major .c-card__title a,.u-h1 a,.u-h2 a,h1 a,h2 a{text-decoration:none}.c-card--major .c-card__title,.u-h2,h2{font-size:min(max(1.5rem,3.5vw),1.75rem)}.c-card--major .c-card__title,.u-h2{margin-bottom:1em;line-height:1.4}.c-card--major .c-card__title a.active,.c-card--major .c-card__title a.hover,.c-card--major .c-card__title a:active,.c-card--major .c-card__title a:hover,.u-h2 a.active,.u-h2 a.hover,.u-h2 a:active,.u-h2 a:hover,h2 a.active,h2 a.hover,h2 a:active,h2 a:hover{text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:ink;text-decoration-skip-ink:auto}.u-h3,h2,h3{margin-bottom:1em}.u-h3{line-height:1.4}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection-label,.u-h3,h3,h4{font-style:normal;font-size:min(max(1.25rem,3vw),1.5rem);font-family:Georgia,Palatino,serif}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection-label a,.c-card__title a,.c-reading-companion__figure-title a,.u-h3 a,.u-h4 a,abbr[title],h3 a,h4 a,h5 a,h6 a{text-decoration:none}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection-label a.active,.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection-label a.hover,.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection-label a:active,.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection-label a:hover,.c-card__title a.active,.c-card__title a.hover,.c-card__title a:active,.c-card__title a:hover,.c-reading-companion__figure-title a.active,.c-reading-companion__figure-title a.hover,.c-reading-companion__figure-title a:active,.c-reading-companion__figure-title a:hover,.u-h3 a.active,.u-h3 a.hover,.u-h3 a:active,.u-h3 a:hover,.u-h4 a.active,.u-h4 a.hover,.u-h4 a:active,.u-h4 a:hover,h3 a.active,h3 a.hover,h3 a:active,h3 a:hover,h4 a.active,h4 a.hover,h4 a:active,h4 a:hover,h5 a.active,h5 a.hover,h5 a:active,h5 a:hover,h6 a.active,h6 a.hover,h6 a:active,h6 a:hover{text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:ink;text-decoration-skip-ink:auto}h4{font-size:min(max(1.125rem,2.5vw),1.25rem)}.c-card__title,.c-reading-companion__figure-title,.u-h4,h5,h6{font-style:normal;line-height:1.4;font-size:min(max(1.125rem,2.5vw),1.25rem);font-family:Georgia,Palatino,serif}.u-h4,h4,h5,h6{margin-bottom:1em}[contenteditable]:focus,[tabindex="0"]:focus,button:focus,input:focus,select:focus,textarea:focus{outline:4px solid #fc0}input[type=file]:focus-within{outline:4px solid #fc0}button:disabled:focus,input:disabled:focus,select:disabled:focus,textarea:disabled:focus{outline:0}label{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif}*,:after,:before{-webkit-box-sizing:inherit;box-sizing:inherit}body,button,code,div,dt,fieldset,form,input,legend,pre,textarea{margin:0;padding:0}dd,dl,p{padding:0}td,th{margin:0}a.visited,a:visited{color:#a345c9}a.hover{text-decoration:none}a.hover,a:hover{color:#0061a9}a.active,a:active{color:#003b84;text-decoration:none}a.focus,a:focus{outline:4px solid #fc0}a>img{vertical-align:middle}table,td,th{border:1px solid #a6a6a6}table{width:100%;margin-bottom:32px}td,th{font-size:1rem;padding:.3em .6em;vertical-align:top}th{background:#e6e6e6;text-align:left}h1,h2,h3,h4{line-height:1.4}dd,dl,p{margin:0}h1,h2,h3,h4,ol,ul{margin-top:0}p{margin-bottom:1.5em}p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}p:empty{display:none}a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:.3875rem;text-underline-offset:.08em}.c-ad{text-align:center}@media only screen and (min-width:320px){.c-ad{padding:8px}}.c-ad--728x90,.c-ad--970x90{display:none;background-color:#ccc}.c-ad--728x90 .c-ad__inner,.c-ad--970x90 .c-ad__inner{min-height:calc(1.5em + 4px + 90px)}.c-ad--728x90 iframe,.c-ad--970x90 iframe{max-width:970px;height:90px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.js .c-ad--728x90{display:none}.js .u-show-following-ad+.c-ad--728x90{display:block}}.c-ad--160x600{display:none;padding:0;text-align:left}.c-ad--160x600 iframe{width:160px;height:600px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.js .c-ad--160x600{display:block}}.c-ad--300x250{display:none;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:8px}.c-ad--300x250 iframe{width:300px;height:250px}.c-ad--300x250 .c-ad__inner{min-height:calc(1.5em + 4px + 250px)}@media only screen and (min-width:320px){.js .c-ad--300x250{display:block}}.c-ad iframe{border:0;overflow:auto;vertical-align:top}.c-ad__label,.c-skip-link{font-size:.875rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif}.c-ad__label{font-weight:400;margin-bottom:4px;color:#333;line-height:1.5}.js .c-popup{position:absolute;font-family:Georgia,Palatino,serif;z-index:100;padding:16px;border:1px solid rgba(151,191,216,.3);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 5px 0 rgba(128,128,128,.1);box-shadow:0 0 5px 0 rgba(128,128,128,.1);width:auto;border-radius:2px;background-color:#fff}.js .c-popup__close{position:absolute;display:block;top:16px;right:16px;height:16px;background:url("data:image/svg+xml,%0A%3Csvg height='16' viewBox='0 0 16 16' width='16' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='m2.29679575 12.2772478c-.39658757.3965876-.39438847 1.0328109-.00062148 1.4265779.39651227.3965123 1.03246768.3934888 1.42657791-.0006214l4.27724782-4.27724787 4.2772478 4.27724787c.3965876.3965875 1.0328109.3943884 1.4265779.0006214.3965123-.3965122.3934888-1.0324677-.0006214-1.4265779l-4.27724787-4.2772478 4.27724787-4.27724782c.3965875-.39658757.3943884-1.03281091.0006214-1.42657791-.3965122-.39651226-1.0324677-.39348875-1.4265779.00062148l-4.2772478 4.27724782-4.27724782-4.27724782c-.39658757-.39658757-1.03281091-.39438847-1.42657791-.00062148-.39651226.39651227-.39348875 1.03246768.00062148 1.42657791l4.27724782 4.27724782z' fill='%23666' fill-rule='evenodd'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") no-repeat;border:0;padding-right:16px}.js .c-popup__close-text{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-100%;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px}.js .c-popup__arrow{content:'';position:absolute;width:20px;height:20px;background-color:#fff;border-top:1px solid rgba(151,191,216,.3);border-left:1px solid rgba(151,191,216,.3)}.js .c-popup__arrow--above{bottom:-11px;-webkit-transform:rotate(225deg);transform:rotate(225deg)}.js .c-popup__arrow--below{top:-11px;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg)}.c-skip-link{background:#f7fbfe;color:#004b83;text-align:center;padding:8px;position:absolute;inset:0;bottom:auto;z-index:9999;-webkit-transform:translateY(-100%);transform:translateY(-100%)}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.c-skip-link{-webkit-transition:top .3s ease-in-out;transition:top .3s ease-in-out}}@media print{.c-skip-link{display:none}}.c-skip-link:active,.c-skip-link:hover,.c-skip-link:link,.c-skip-link:visited{color:#004b83}.c-skip-link:focus{-webkit-transform:translateY(0);transform:translateY(0)}.c-status-message{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:1rem;position:relative;width:100%;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.c-status-message :last-child{margin-bottom:0}.c-status-message--boxed{background-color:#fff;border-radius:2px;border:1px solid #ccc;line-height:1.4;padding:16px}.c-status-message__heading{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700}.c-status-message__icon{fill:currentColor;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0);display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-top;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;margin-right:8px}.c-status-message__icon--top{-ms-flex-item-align:start;align-self:flex-start}.c-status-message--info .c-status-message__icon{color:#003f8d}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--info{border-bottom:4px solid #003f8d}.c-status-message--error .c-status-message__icon{color:#c40606}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--error{border-bottom:4px solid #c40606}.c-status-message--success .c-status-message__icon{color:#00b8b0}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--success{border-bottom:4px solid #00b8b0}.c-status-message--warning .c-status-message__icon{color:#edbc53}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--warning{border-bottom:4px solid #edbc53}.c-box{background-color:#fff;border-radius:2px;border:1px solid rgba(151,191,216,.3);line-height:1.3;padding:16px}.c-box--background-grey{background-color:#f2f2f2}.c-box--shadowed{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 5px 0 rgba(128,128,128,.1);box-shadow:0 0 5px 0 rgba(128,128,128,.1)}.app-search fieldset,.c-box--borderless{border:0}.c-box__heading{font-size:1.5rem;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(151,191,216,.3);margin:0 0 16px;padding:0 0 8px}.c-box__item{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.4;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-bottom:16px}.c-box__item.visited,.c-box__item:visited{color:#004b83}.c-box__item.hover,.c-box__item:hover{color:#0061a9}.c-box__item.active,.c-box__item.hover,.c-box__item:active,.c-box__item:hover{text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:ink;text-decoration-skip-ink:auto}.c-box__item-text{display:block;max-width:90%}.c-header{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:1rem;background-color:#fff;padding:16px 0;border-bottom:4px solid #00285a}.c-header__container{margin:0 auto;max-width:1280px;padding:0 16px;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between}.c-header__brand{margin-right:32px}.c-article-change-list__item>ins,.c-header__brand a,.c-header__brand a:active,.c-header__brand a:hover,.c-header__brand a:visited{text-decoration:none}.c-header__qualifier{margin-left:24px}@media only screen and (max-width:539px){.c-header__qualifier{display:none}}.c-header__menu,.c-header__navigation{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.c-header__navigation{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.c-header__menu{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.c-header__item{color:inherit;margin-right:24px}.c-header__item:last-child{margin-right:0}.c-header__link{text-decoration:none;color:inherit}.c-header__link.active,.c-header__link.hover,.c-header__link:active,.c-header__link:hover{text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:ink;text-decoration-skip-ink:auto}.c-header__link:hover,.c-header__link:visited{color:inherit}.c-header__link--search{display:block;background:0 0;border:0;margin:0 24px 0 0}.c-header__menu-button{background-color:transparent;border:0;padding:0}.c-user-metadata{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:.75rem;color:#666;line-height:1.4;padding-top:24px}.c-user-metadata__item{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:4px}.c-article-editorial-summary__container .c-article-editorial-summary__content p:last-child,.c-user-metadata__item:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.u-h1,h1{font-size:2rem;font-weight:700}.c-card--major .c-card__title,.u-h2,.u-h3,h2,h3{font-size:1.75rem;font-weight:700}.u-h3,h3{font-size:1.5rem}.c-reading-companion__figure-title,h4,h5,h6{font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:700}.c-card__title,.u-h4{font-size:1.25rem}.u-h4{font-weight:700}.c-article-metrics__access-citation dd,body{font-size:1.125rem}.c-article-header{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;margin-bottom:40px}.c-article-identifiers{list-style:none;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.3;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;color:#6f6f6f;padding:0;margin:0 0 8px}.c-article-identifiers__item{border-right:1px solid #6f6f6f;margin-right:8px;padding-right:8px;list-style:none}.c-article-identifiers__item:last-child{margin-right:0;padding-right:0;border-right:0}.c-article-identifiers__open{color:#b74616}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.c-author-popup .c-article-identifiers{-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end}}.c-article-title{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.25;margin-bottom:16px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.c-article-title{font-size:1.875rem;line-height:1.2}}.c-article-title__super{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.3;color:#626262;margin:16px 0 0}.c-article-author-list{font-size:1rem;display:inline;list-style:none;margin:0 8px 0 0;padding:0;width:100%}.c-article-author-list__item{margin-left:0}.c-article-author-list li,.c-article-author-list__item{display:inline;padding-right:0}.c-article-author-list__item svg{margin-left:4px}.c-article-author-list__show-less{margin-left:8px}.c-article-author-list__show-more{margin-right:4px}@media only screen and (max-width:539px){html.js .js-small-screen-show-inline{display:inline!important;visibility:visible!important}.js .js-smaller-author-etal{display:none;visibility:hidden}.js .js-authors-expanded .js-smaller-author-etal{display:inline;visibility:visible}}.c-article-info-details{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:8px;margin-top:16px}.c-article-info-details__cite-as,.c-article-info-details__show-history{border-left:1px solid #6f6f6f;margin-left:8px;padding-left:8px}.c-article-info-details+.c-article-info-details{margin-top:0}.c-button-author-list{background:#ebf1f5;border:4px solid #ebf1f5;border-radius:20px;color:#666;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.4;padding:2px 11px 2px 8px;text-decoration:none}.c-button-author-list svg{margin:1px 4px 0 0}.c-button-author-list:hover{background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#4d78af),to(#3365a0));background:linear-gradient(to bottom,#4d78af,#3365a0);border-color:transparent;color:#fff}.c-article-metrics-bar{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;line-height:1.3;font-size:1rem}.c-article-metrics-bar__wrapper{margin:0 0 16px}.c-article-metrics-bar__item{-webkit-box-align:baseline;-ms-flex-align:baseline;align-items:baseline;border-right:1px solid #6f6f6f;margin-right:8px}.c-article-metrics-bar__item:last-child{border-right:0}.c-article-metrics-bar__count{font-weight:700;margin:0}.c-article-metrics-bar__label{color:#626262;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;margin:0 10px 0 5px}.c-article-metrics-bar__details{margin:0}.c-article-author-affiliation__list,.c-article-author-authors-search,.c-article-author-information__list,.c-article-author-institutional-author,.c-article-further-reading__list,.c-article-references,.c-article-supplementary__list{list-style:none;padding:0}.c-article-footnote--listed{list-style:none}.c-article-change-list,.c-article-references__nav,.c-section-author-list{list-style:none;padding:0}.c-article-main-column{font-family:Georgia,Palatino,serif;margin-right:8.6%;width:60.2%}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){.c-article-main-column{margin-right:0;width:100%}}.c-author-popup__subheading{font-weight:700;float:left;padding-right:8px;margin-bottom:8px;margin-top:4px}.c-author-popup .c-article-button,.c-author-popup__footer-heading{font-size:1rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif}.c-author-popup__footer-heading{font-weight:700;margin:0}.c-author-popup__author-list{list-style:none;font-size:1rem;padding:0;margin-top:0;clear:both;margin-bottom:16px}.c-author-popup__author-list>li{margin-bottom:8px}.c-author-popup__link{font-weight:700;vertical-align:baseline;color:#069;text-decoration:none}.c-author-popup .c-article-button{color:#fff;background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#4d78af),to(#3365a0));background:linear-gradient(to bottom,#4d78af,#3365a0);border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:2px;text-decoration:none;display:block;width:100%;padding:8px 16px;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap}.c-author-popup .c-article-button:visited{color:#fff}.c-author-popup .c-article-button:hover{color:#fff;background:#0059c9;text-decoration:none}.c-article-aop,.c-section-author-list{margin-bottom:16px}.c-section-author-list>li{display:inline;font-weight:700}.c-article-aop{font-size:.875rem;color:#626262;font-style:italic;padding-top:10px;clear:both}.c-article-section{clear:both}.c-article-section a{word-break:break-word}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__title,.c-article-section__title{border-bottom:2px solid #d5d5d5;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.3;padding-bottom:8px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__title,.c-article-section__title{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.24}}.c-article-section__content{padding-top:8px;margin-bottom:40px}.c-article-section__content--standfirst{font-weight:700}.c-article-section__content--separator{border-top:2px solid #d5d5d5;padding-top:40px}.c-article__pill-button{padding:8px 20px;background-color:#fff;border:4px solid #bcd2dc;border-radius:20px;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.4;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:10px;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block}.c-article__pill-button:hover{background-color:#069;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}.c-article__pill-button:focus{outline:0;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #fece3e;box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #fece3e;text-decoration:none}.c-article__pill-button:active,.c-article__pill-button:hover{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 0 0;box-shadow:0 0 0 0}.c-article-section__illustration{clear:both;font-size:.875rem}.c-article-section__illustration-right{margin:8px 0 16px 28px;float:right;padding:0}.c-article-section__illustration-center{margin:0 auto 24px;max-width:100%;padding:0}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px) and (max-width:767px){.c-article-section__illustration-center,.c-article-section__illustration-right{margin:0 auto 24px;float:none;max-width:100%}}@media only screen and (max-width:539px){.c-article-section__illustration-center,.c-article-section__illustration-right{margin:0 auto 24px;float:none;max-width:100%}}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){.c-article-section__content{padding-left:0}}.c-article__sub-heading{font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:400;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-style:normal;line-height:1.3;color:#222;margin:0 0 8px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.c-article__sub-heading{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.24}}.c-article__sub-heading--small{font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:700}.c-article__sub-heading--divider::before{content:'';display:block;width:30px;height:4px;margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:16px;background:#222}.c-article-access-provider,.c-notes{padding:8px 16px;border:1px solid #d5d5d5;border-left:none;border-right:none;margin:24px 0}.c-article-access-provider__text,.c-notes__text{padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;margin-bottom:0;font-size:1rem;color:#555;text-align:center}.c-article-events{clear:both;font-size:1rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;list-style:none;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:16px;overflow:hidden;padding:0}.c-article-events+.c-article-events{margin-top:0}.c-article-events__item{background-color:#f0f7fa;margin-bottom:8px;padding:8px}.c-article-events__item--retraction{background-color:#fdf5f2}.c-article-peer-review{background-color:#f0f7fa;font-size:1rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;margin-top:-16px;margin-bottom:40px;padding:8px}.c-article-events__item>span,.c-article-peer-review>a{background:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20width%3D'16'%20height%3D'16'%20viewBox%3D'125%2025%2016%2016'%20enable-background%3D'new%20125%2025%2016%2016'%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D'%23215F90'%20d%3D'M133%2025c-4.374%200-8%203.626-8%208s3.626%208%208%208%208-3.626%208-8-3.626-8-8-8zm1.173%2012.48c0%20.107%200%20.32-.32.32h-1.707c-.213%200-.32-.106-.32-.32v-5.76c0-.213.106-.32.32-.32h1.707c.213%200%20.32.213.32.32v5.76zM133%2030.333c-1.067%200-1.173-.534-1.173-1.067%200-.64.213-1.066%201.173-1.066s1.173.426%201.173%201.066c0%20.534-.106%201.067-1.173%201.067z'%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E") no-repeat 0 50%;padding-left:24px}.c-article-events__item--retraction>span{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20width%3D'16'%20height%3D'16'%20viewBox%3D'109.508%2034.751%2016%2016'%20enable-background%3D'new%20109.508%2034.751%2016%2016'%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D'%23930721'%20d%3D'M125.382%2048.933l-7.35-12.914c-.314-.526-.734-.526-1.05%200l-7.35%2012.913c-.314.525%200%20.945.526.945h14.7c.524%200%20.84-.42.524-.945zm-8.61-9.555h1.47c.21%200%20.316.105.316.315l-.21%205.774c0%20.21-.105.315-.315.315h-1.05c-.21%200-.315-.105-.315-.315l-.21-5.774c0-.21.104-.315.315-.315zm.736%209.45c-1.05%200-1.155-.525-1.155-1.05%200-.63.21-1.05%201.155-1.05.945%200%201.155.42%201.155%201.05%200%20.525-.21%201.05-1.155%201.05z'%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E")}.c-article-change-list__item{margin-bottom:24px}.c-article-change-list__heading{color:#626262;display:inline;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:1.25rem;margin-right:.4em}.c-article-change-list__details,.c-article-change-list__details>p:first-child{display:inline}.c-article-references__heading{font-weight:700;font-size:1.05rem;margin:24px 0 4px}.c-article-references__item{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;border-bottom:1px solid #d5d5d5;padding-bottom:16px;margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-references__item>h3,.c-article-references__item>p.c-article-references__text{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;padding-left:8px}.c-article-references__counter{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.4;text-align:right}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){.c-article-references__counter{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:inherit}}.c-article-references__text{margin-bottom:8px}.c-article-references__links{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.c-article-references__links>a{padding-left:8px}.c-article-references__links>a:first-child{padding-left:0}.c-article-references__download{text-align:right}.c-article-references__download>a{font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif}.c-article-references__download svg,.c-bibliographic-information__download-citation svg,.c-reading-companion__figure-full-link svg{margin-left:4px}.c-article-author-information__list{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:24px}.c-article-author-information__authors-list{padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none;font-weight:700}.c-article-author-information__item{margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-author-information__subtitle{font-weight:700;margin:0 0 8px}.c-article-author-affiliation__address{color:inherit;font-weight:700;font-size:1.05rem;margin:0}.c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list{padding:0;list-style:none;margin-bottom:16px;margin-top:0}.c-article-author-affiliation__authors-item{display:inline;margin-left:0}.c-article-authors__list{padding:0;list-style:none}.c-article-authors-search,.c-article-authors__list{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:24px}.c-article-authors-search__item,.c-article-authors-search__title{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif}.c-article-authors-search__title{color:#626262;font-weight:700;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:1.05rem}.c-article-authors-search__item{font-size:1rem}.c-article-authors-search__text{margin:0}.c-author-popup .c-article-authors-search__list{clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.c-author-popup .c-article-authors-search__list{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.c-author-popup .c-article-authors-search__list-item--left{-ms-flex-preferred-size:40%;flex-basis:40%}}.c-author-popup .c-article-authors-search__list-item--right{margin-top:16px;margin-left:8px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.c-author-popup .c-article-authors-search__list-item--right{text-align:right;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;margin-top:0}}.c-article-author-institutional-author{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:24px}.c-article-author-institutional-author__name{font-weight:700;font-size:1.05rem;margin:0;padding:0}.c-article-author-institutional-author__author-list{padding:0;list-style:none;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:24px}.c-article-author-institutional-author__author-list--popup{clear:both;margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-author-institutional-author__author-name{display:inline;list-style:none}.c-article-author-institutional-author__sub-division{font-family:Georgia,Palatino,serif;line-height:1.76;margin:0}.c-article-author-institutional-author__author-list .c-article-author-institutional-author__author-list .c-article-author-institutional-author__sub-division{color:#626262}.c-article-supplementary{margin-bottom:24px}.c-article-supplementary__item{margin-bottom:24px;position:relative}.c-article-supplementary__item>span{width:40px;line-height:1.4;font-weight:400;text-align:right;position:absolute;font-size:1.5rem}.c-article-supplementary__external{margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-supplementary__description>*{margin-bottom:0}.c-article-fullwidth-content{clear:both;font-family:Georgia,Palatino,serif}.c-article-fullwidth-content__infographic{clear:both;position:relative;margin-bottom:24px;padding:0}.c-article-fullwidth-content__image{border:5px solid #dae5ea;position:relative}.c-article-fullwidth-content__image img{max-width:100%}.c-article-fullwidth-content__caption{margin:1px 0 20px}.c-article-fullwidth-content p{word-wrap:break-word}.c-article-supplementary__title{margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.5}.c-article-supplementary--enumerated .c-article-supplementary__description,.c-article-supplementary--enumerated .c-article-supplementary__title{margin-left:50px}.c-article-data-availability-list{list-style:none;padding:0;overflow:hidden;margin:0 0 24px}.c-article-data-availability-list_item>*{margin-bottom:0}.c-article-data-availability-list_item>*+*{margin-top:24px}.c-article-further-reading__list{margin:0}.c-article-further-reading__item{border-bottom:1px solid #d5d5d5;margin-bottom:16px;position:relative}.c-article-further-reading__item:last-child{border:0}.c-article-further-reading__title{margin:0;padding:0}.c-article-further-reading__authors-list,.c-article-further-reading__journal-title{color:#626262;font-size:.813rem;padding:0;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif}.c-article-further-reading__authors-list{list-style:none;margin:8px 0 0;line-height:1.4}.c-article-compound-details__synonym-list>li,.c-article-further-reading__authors-list li{display:inline}.c-article-further-reading__journal-title{margin-bottom:24px;word-wrap:break-word}.c-article-license{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:24px}.c-article-license__link{float:left;margin-right:10px}.c-article-license__badge{margin-top:8px}.c-article-subject-list{font-size:1rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;list-style:none;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:0;margin:0 0 24px}.c-article-subject-list__subject{background-color:#e1e1e1;border-radius:20px;padding:4px 10px;font-weight:700;margin-right:15px;margin-bottom:16px;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto}.c-article-compound-title{margin:0 0 16px;line-height:1.4}.c-article-compound-article-link{font-family:Georgia,Palatino,serif}.c-article-compound-container{margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-compound-details{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-compound-details p{margin-bottom:16px;word-wrap:break-word}.c-article-compound-details__image{margin-bottom:16px;max-width:100%}.c-article-compound-details__links{color:#626262;font-size:.875rem}.c-article-compound-details__synonym{margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-compound-details__synonym-list{padding:0;list-style:none}.c-bibliographic-information{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding-top:8px}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){.c-bibliographic-information{padding-top:0;display:block}}.c-bibliographic-information__value{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:16px;display:block}.c-bibliographic-information__column:first-child{width:81px;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 81px;flex:0 0 81px}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){.c-bibliographic-information__column:first-child{width:100%}}.c-bibliographic-information__column:last-child{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1}.c-bibliographic-information__column--border{border-right:1px solid #d5d5d5;margin-right:24px}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){.c-bibliographic-information__column--border{border-bottom:1px solid #d5d5d5;padding-bottom:8px;margin-bottom:8px;border-right:0;margin-right:0}}.c-bibliographic-information__list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap}.c-bibliographic-information__list-item{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 33%;flex:0 0 33%;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;padding-right:8px;font-size:1rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){.c-bibliographic-information__list-item{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%}}.c-bibliographic-information__list-item h4{font-style:normal;font-size:1rem}.c-bibliographic-information__list-item:last-child{padding-right:0}.c-bibliographic-information__list-item--doi{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%}.c-bibliographic-information__citation,.c-bibliographic-information__download-citation{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:8px}.c-bibliographic-information__download-citation{margin-bottom:24px}.c-code-block{padding:20px;margin:0 0 24px;border:1px solid #f2f2f2;font-family:monospace}.c-code-block__heading{font-family:Georgia,Palatino,serif;font-weight:400;margin-bottom:16px}.c-code-block__line{word-wrap:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;display:block}.c-stack{display:inline-table;vertical-align:top}.c-stack sub,.c-stack sup{display:table-row;line-height:1}.c-literal{font-family:monospace}.c-blockquote{border-left:4px solid #d5d5d5;padding-left:16px;margin:0 0 24px;clear:both;position:relative}.c-blockquote--motto{border-color:#00285a}.c-blockquote--right{float:right;margin:24px;width:39.8%}.c-blockquote:after,.c-blockquote:before{content:'';height:7px;border-left:4px solid #fff;position:absolute;margin-left:-4px;left:0}.c-blockquote:before{top:0}.c-blockquote:after{bottom:0}.c-blockquote__body{font-family:Georgia,Palatino,serif}.c-abbreviation_list__description p,.c-blockquote__body>*{margin-bottom:0}.c-description-list{margin:0;padding:0}.c-description-list__term{font-weight:700}.c-description-list__description{padding-left:30px;margin:0}.c-abbreviation_list{margin:0;padding:0}.c-abbreviation_list__term{float:left;font-weight:700;margin-right:15px}.c-abbreviation_list__term dfn{font-style:initial}.c-abbreviation_list__description,.c-book-review{margin-bottom:24px}.c-book-review{margin-top:40px;padding:30px 0 20px 20px;border-bottom:2px solid;border-top:2px solid;-o-border-image:linear-gradient(to right,#fff,#fff 23%,#f2f2f2 0,#f2f2f2 74%,#fff 23%,#fff) 10;border-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,right top,from(#fff),color-stop(23%,#fff),color-stop(0,#f2f2f2),color-stop(74%,#f2f2f2),color-stop(23%,#fff),to(#fff)) 10;border-image:linear-gradient(to right,#fff,#fff 23%,#f2f2f2 0,#f2f2f2 74%,#fff 23%,#fff) 10;font-size:.813rem}.c-book-review__title{font-weight:700;font-size:1.05rem;line-height:1.3}.c-book-review__image{margin:10px 30px 10px 0;float:left}.c-book-review img{-webkit-box-shadow:2px 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,.25);box-shadow:2px 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.c-book-review__list{padding:0;list-style:none;display:block;visibility:visible;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:10px}.c-book-review__list:last-child{margin-bottom:24px}.c-book-review__item{display:inline}.c-book-review__additional-info{margin-bottom:10px}.c-key-step{border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:24px;padding:15px 15px 6px}.c-key-step--important{border-color:#b74616}.c-key-step__heading{background:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20width%3D'16'%20height%3D'16'%20viewBox%3D'125%2025%2016%2016'%20enable-background%3D'new%20125%2025%2016%2016'%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D'%23215F90'%20d%3D'M133%2025c-4.374%200-8%203.626-8%208s3.626%208%208%208%208-3.626%208-8-3.626-8-8-8zm1.173%2012.48c0%20.107%200%20.32-.32.32h-1.707c-.213%200-.32-.106-.32-.32v-5.76c0-.213.106-.32.32-.32h1.707c.213%200%20.32.213.32.32v5.76zM133%2030.333c-1.067%200-1.173-.534-1.173-1.067%200-.64.213-1.066%201.173-1.066s1.173.426%201.173%201.066c0%20.534-.106%201.067-1.173%201.067z'%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E") no-repeat 0 50%;color:#069;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-weight:700;padding-left:20px;text-transform:uppercase}.c-key-step--important>.c-key-step__heading{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20width%3D'16'%20height%3D'16'%20viewBox%3D'109.508%2034.751%2016%2016'%20enable-background%3D'new%20109.508%2034.751%2016%2016'%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D'%23AB5306'%20d%3D'M125.382%2048.933l-7.35-12.914c-.314-.526-.734-.526-1.05%200l-7.35%2012.913c-.314.525%200%20.945.526.945h14.7c.524%200%20.84-.42.524-.945zm-8.61-9.555h1.47c.21%200%20.316.105.316.315l-.21%205.774c0%20.21-.105.315-.315.315h-1.05c-.21%200-.315-.105-.315-.315l-.21-5.774c0-.21.104-.315.315-.315zm.736%209.45c-1.05%200-1.155-.525-1.155-1.05%200-.63.21-1.05%201.155-1.05.945%200%201.155.42%201.155%201.05%200%20.525-.21%201.05-1.155%201.05z'%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");color:#b74616}.c-key-step__body{color:#626262;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.4;margin:0}.c-key-step__body>p{margin-bottom:16px}.c-key-step__body,.c-timing-step,.c-troubleshooting-step{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif}.c-troubleshooting-step{background:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20width%3D'16'%20height%3D'16'%20viewBox%3D'125%2025%2016%2016'%20enable-background%3D'new%20125%2025%2016%2016'%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D'%23215F90'%20d%3D'M133%2025c-4.374%200-8%203.626-8%208s3.626%208%208%208%208-3.626%208-8-3.626-8-8-8zm1.173%2012.48c0%20.107%200%20.32-.32.32h-1.707c-.213%200-.32-.106-.32-.32v-5.76c0-.213.106-.32.32-.32h1.707c.213%200%20.32.213.32.32v5.76zM133%2030.333c-1.067%200-1.173-.534-1.173-1.067%200-.64.213-1.066%201.173-1.066s1.173.426%201.173%201.066c0%20.534-.106%201.067-1.173%201.067z'%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E") no-repeat 0 50%;font-weight:700;font-size:.875rem;padding-left:20px;text-transform:uppercase}.c-timing-step{color:#626262;font-size:.813rem;margin:0 0 8px}.c-article-box{border:5px solid #dae5ea;margin:0 0 24px;padding:0}.c-article-box__container{margin:0;overflow:hidden;padding:20px 20px 30px}.c-article-box__container-title{margin-bottom:8px;font-weight:700}.c-article-box__content>*,.c-article-footnote p{margin-bottom:0}.c-article-box__content>*+*{margin-top:24px}.c-article-box__controls{position:relative;margin-top:-56px}.c-article-box__controls button{display:block;font-weight:700;font-size:.875rem;background-color:#dae5ea;color:#069;border:0;padding:10px 20px 6px;width:100%;cursor:pointer}.c-article-box__controls button:focus,.c-article-box__controls button:hover,.c-pan-zoom-controls button:focus,.c-pan-zoom-controls button:hover{text-decoration:underline}.c-article-box__button-text:after{content:'';width:20px;height:10px;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20width%3D'12'%20height%3D'7'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%2012%207'%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D'%23006699'%20d%3D'M9.6%200l-3.6%204.3-3.6-4.3h-2.4l6%207%206-7h-2.4z'%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:50% 50%;display:inline-block}.c-article-box--expanded .c-article-box__button-text:after{-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg)}.c-article-box__fade{height:56px;background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(rgba(255,255,255,0)),color-stop(25%,rgba(255,255,255,.38)),color-stop(50%,rgba(255,255,255,.75)),color-stop(75%,rgba(255,255,255,.85)),to(#fff));background:linear-gradient(to bottom,rgba(255,255,255,0) 0,rgba(255,255,255,.38) 25%,rgba(255,255,255,.75) 50%,rgba(255,255,255,.85) 75%,#fff 100%)}.c-article-box--expanded .c-article-box__controls{margin-top:0}.c-article-box--expanded .c-article-box__fade{display:none}.c-article-footnote{border-bottom:1px solid #d5d5d5;border-top:1px solid #d5d5d5;margin-bottom:24px;padding:20px 30px}.c-article-footnote p+p{margin-top:16px}.c-article-footnote--listed{border:0;padding:0}.c-article-footnote--listed__item{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-bottom:16px;margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-footnote--listed__content{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;padding-left:12px;word-break:break-word}.c-article-footnote--listed__index{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.4;text-align:right}.c-article-share-box{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif}.c-article-share-box__title{font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px}.c-article-share-box__description{font-size:1rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px}.c-article-share-box__no-sharelink-info{font-size:.813rem;font-weight:700;padding-top:4px;margin-bottom:24px}.c-article-share-box__only-read-input{border:1px solid #d5d5d5;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:700;padding:8px 10px}.c-article-share-box__only-read-input--highlighted{-webkit-animation:'transparent-to-yellow' 1.5s ease;animation:'transparent-to-yellow' 1.5s ease}.c-article-share-box__additional-info{color:#626262;font-size:.813rem;margin-bottom:24px}.c-article-share-box__button{background:#fff;border:1px solid #069;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box;color:#069;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:8px;padding:8px 20px;text-align:center}.c-article-share-box__button--link-like{background-color:transparent;border:0;color:#069;cursor:pointer;font-size:.875rem;margin-bottom:8px;margin-left:10px}.c-pan-zoom-controls{text-align:center;background:#dae5ea;border-bottom:6px solid #dae5ea;padding:8px 10px}.c-pan-zoom-controls ul{list-style:none;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;margin:0;padding:0}.c-pan-zoom-controls li{border-left:1px solid #fff;padding:4px}.c-pan-zoom-controls li:first-child{border-left:none}.c-pan-zoom-controls button{border:0;padding:0 10px;background-color:transparent;color:#069}.c-pan-zoom-controls__zoom-in button,.c-pan-zoom-controls__zoom-out button{background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:50% 50%;background-size:16px auto;width:16px;height:16px;padding:4px 20px}.c-pan-zoom-controls__zoom-in button{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20width%3D'16'%20height%3D'16'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%2016%2016'%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D'%23006699'%20d%3D'M6%200h4v16h-4v-16zm-6%206h16v4h-16v-4z'%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E")}.c-pan-zoom-controls__zoom-out button{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20width%3D'16'%20height%3D'16'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%2016%2016'%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D'%23006699'%20d%3D'M0%206h16v4h-16v-4z'%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E")}.c-article-equation{margin-bottom:24px;position:relative;width:100%;display:table;table-layout:fixed}.c-article-equation .MathJax_Display>.MathJax,.c-article-equation__content>.MathJax{display:block!important;max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}.c-article-equation #MathJax_Zoom{background-color:#f7fbfe;border:1px solid #97bfd8;border-radius:2px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 5px 2px rgba(51,51,51,.2);box-shadow:0 0 5px 2px rgba(51,51,51,.2)}.c-article-equation__content{display:block;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.c-article-equation__content{display:table-cell;width:90%}}.c-article-equation__number{display:block;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;margin:12px 0 16px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.c-article-equation__number{display:table-cell;width:10%;white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-left:16px}}.c-article-equation__number{font-family:Georgia,Palatino,serif;min-width:35px}.c-article-body{clear:both}.c-article-body a,.c-article-body p{word-wrap:break-word}.c-article-body a{word-break:break-word}.c-article-orcid__text{font-size:1rem;vertical-align:middle}.c-article-orcid:before{display:inline-block;width:24px;height:24px;content:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg height='24' viewBox='0 0 24 24' width='24' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cg fill='none' fill-rule='evenodd'%3E%3Cpath d='m0 0h24v24h-24z' fill='%23fff' opacity='0'/%3E%3Cpath d='m12 20c-4.418278 0-8-3.581722-8-8s3.581722-8 8-8 8 3.581722 8 8-3.581722 8-8 8zm-3.01799709-13.09169471c-.16628978-.16109322-.36635416-.24163862-.60019916-.24163862-.21825533 0-.410525.08444276-.57681478.25333081-.16628977.16888806-.24943341.36245684-.24943341.58071218 0 .22345188.08314364.41961891.24943341.58850696.16628978.16888806.35855945.25333082.57681478.25333082.233845 0 .43390938-.08314364.60019916-.24943342.16628978-.16628977.24943342-.36375592.24943342-.59240436 0-.233845-.08314364-.43131115-.24943342-.59240437zm-1.30173065 2.36492841v7.1712107h1.41865256v-7.1712107zm5.97732434.02508949h-2.9924703v7.14612121h2.9106249c.7673039 0 1.4476365-.1483432 2.0410182-.445034s1.0511995-.7152915 1.3734671-1.2558144c.3222677-.540523.4833991-1.1603247.4833991-1.8594238 0-.6854582-.1602789-1.3027023-.4808414-1.8517509-.3205625-.5490485-.7707074-.9753221-1.3504481-1.2788334-.5797408-.30351132-1.2413173-.45526471-1.9847495-.45526471zm-.1432294 6.06678581h-1.4681008v-4.9874504h1.4220628c.7877654 0 1.4143875.2233674 1.8798852.6701087.4654977.4467414.698243 1.05546.698243 1.8261742 0 .7434322-.2310402 1.3444779-.6931277 1.8031551-.4620874.4586773-1.0750688.6880124-1.8389625.6880124z' fill='%23999'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");margin-left:-3px;padding-right:4px;vertical-align:middle}.c-article-editorial-summary__container{border-bottom:1px solid #d5d5d5;clear:both;float:left;margin-bottom:16px;width:100%}.c-article-editorial-summary__container .c-article-editorial-summary__title{line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-editorial-summary__container .c-article-editorial-summary__article-title{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:8px}.c-article-editorial-summary__container .c-article-editorial-summary__content{font-size:.875rem}.c-article-editorial-summary__container .c-article-editorial-summary__content--less{max-height:9.5rem;overflow:hidden}.c-article-editorial-summary__container .c-article-editorial-summary__button{background-color:#fff;border:0;color:#069;font-size:.875rem;margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-editorial-summary__container .c-article-editorial-summary__button:focus,.c-article-editorial-summary__container .c-article-editorial-summary__button:hover{text-decoration:underline}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection,.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__item{margin-bottom:24px;overflow:hidden}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection-label{line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:8px}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection-title,.c-nature-box{line-height:1.3;margin-bottom:8px}#uptodate-client{display:none!important}.c-nature-box{background-color:#fff;border-radius:2px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 5px 0 rgba(51,51,51,.1);box-shadow:0 0 5px 0 rgba(51,51,51,.1);border:1px solid #d5d5d5;padding:16px 16px 3px;margin-bottom:24px}.c-nature-box__text{margin-bottom:16px;font-size:1rem}.c-nature-box .c-pdf-download{margin-bottom:16px}.c-context-bar--sticky .c-pdf-multiple-downloads .c-pdf-download+.c-pdf-download,.c-nature-box svg+.c-article__button-text{margin-left:8px}.c-nature-box--version{background-color:#eee}.c-nature-box__wrapper{-webkit-transform:translateZ(0);transform:translateZ(0)}.c-nature-box__wrapper--placeholder{min-height:165px}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-nature-box-mobile,.c-pdf-button__container{display:none}}.c-context-bar{position:relative;width:100%;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 10px 0 rgba(51,51,51,.2);box-shadow:0 0 10px 0 rgba(51,51,51,.2)}.c-context-bar--sticky{position:fixed;z-index:100;top:0;left:0;width:100%}@media only screen and (max-width:320px){.c-context-bar--sticky{left:auto;right:0}}.c-context-bar--sticky:after{background-color:#fff;display:block;position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%;top:0;left:0;content:'';z-index:-1}@media only screen and (max-width:320px){.c-context-bar--sticky:after{background-color:#fcfcfc;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none}}.c-context-bar--no-button.c-context-bar--sticky,.c-context-bar__title{display:none}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.c-context-bar--no-button.c-context-bar--sticky{display:block}}.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container{padding:16px}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;margin:0 auto;min-height:40px}}.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__title,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__title p{display:none}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__title,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__title p{display:block;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;padding-right:16px;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}}.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__title p{margin-bottom:0}.c-context-bar--sticky .c-pdf-download{margin-bottom:0;display:block;white-space:nowrap}.c-context-bar--sticky .c-pdf-download .u-sticky-visually-hidden{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-100%;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px}.c-context-bar--sticky .c-pdf-multiple-downloads{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}@media only screen and (max-width:539px){.c-context-bar--sticky .c-pdf-multiple-downloads .c-pdf-download{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%}}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.c-context-bar--sticky .c-pdf-download__link{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 183px;flex:1 1 183px;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.c-context-bar--sticky .c-pdf-download__link span{padding-right:16px}}@media only screen and (max-width:320px){.c-context-bar--sticky .c-pdf-download__link{padding:16px}}.article__teaser{max-height:200px;overflow:hidden;position:relative;font-family:Georgia,Palatino,serif}.article__teaser::after{content:'';position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;top:50%;background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left bottom,left top,from(#fff),to(rgba(255,255,255,0)));background:linear-gradient(to top,#fff,rgba(255,255,255,0))}.c-article-extras{float:left;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;width:31.2%}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){.c-article-extras{display:none}}.c-reading-companion{clear:both}.c-reading-companion__heading{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;padding:0 16px 16px;margin:0}.c-reading-companion__sticky{max-width:389px}.c-reading-companion__sticky--stuck{margin:0 0 16px;position:fixed;top:50px}.c-reading-companion__scroll-pane{overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:auto;margin:0;min-height:200px}.c-reading-companion__tabs{font-size:1rem;list-style:none;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;margin:0 0 8px;padding:0}.c-reading-companion__tabs>li{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1}.c-reading-companion__tab{color:#069;border:solid #d5d5d5;border-width:1px 1px 1px 0;background-color:#eee;padding:8px 8px 8px 15px;text-align:left;font-size:1rem;width:100%}.c-reading-companion__tab:focus{text-decoration:none;outline-offset:-4px}.c-reading-companion__tabs li:first-child .c-reading-companion__tab{border-left-width:1px}.c-reading-companion__tab--active{color:#222;background-color:#fcfcfc;border-bottom:1px solid #fcfcfc;font-weight:700}.c-reading-companion--highlighted{-webkit-animation:highlight 2s ease;animation:highlight 2s ease}.c-reading-companion__figures-list,.c-reading-companion__references-list,.c-reading-companion__sections-list{list-style:none;padding:0}.c-reading-companion__references-list--numeric{list-style:decimal inside}.c-reading-companion__sections-list{margin:0 0 8px;min-height:50px}.c-reading-companion__section-item{font-size:1rem;padding:0}.c-reading-companion__section-item a{display:block;padding:8px 0 8px 16px;line-height:1em;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.c-reading-companion__section-item--active a{white-space:normal;border-left:4px solid #d5d5d5;padding-left:12px;cursor:default;color:#222}.c-reading-companion__figure-item{padding:16px 8px 16px 0;border-top:1px solid #d5d5d5;font-size:1rem}.c-reading-companion__figure-item:first-child{border-top:none;padding-top:8px}.c-reading-companion__reference-item{padding:8px 8px 8px 16px;border-top:1px solid #d5d5d5;font-size:1rem}.c-reading-companion__reference-item:first-child{border-top:none}.c-reading-companion__reference-item a{word-break:break-word}.c-reading-companion__reference-citation{display:inline}.c-reading-companion__reference-links{list-style:none;text-align:right;margin:8px 0 0;padding:0;font-weight:700;font-size:.813rem}.c-reading-companion__reference-links>a{display:inline-block;padding-left:8px}.c-reading-companion__reference-links>a:first-child{display:inline-block;padding-left:0}.c-reading-companion__figure-title{display:block;margin:0 0 8px}.c-reading-companion__figure-links{margin:8px 0 0;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between}.c-reading-companion__figure-links>a{display:inline-block}.c-reading-companion__figure-item picture:last-child{margin-bottom:16px}.c-reading-companion__panel{display:none;border-top:none;margin-top:0;padding-top:0}.c-reading-companion__panel--active{display:block}.c-reading-companion__return{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;width:1px;height:1px}.c-reading-companion__return:focus{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;padding:0 4px}.c-article-section__figure{border:5px solid #d5d5d5;padding:20px 10px;max-width:100%;margin-bottom:24px;clear:both}.c-article-section__figure--1-border{border-width:1px;display:inline-block;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0}.c-article-section__figure--1-border-image{float:left;max-width:100%}.c-article-section__figure--no-border{border:0;padding:20px 0}.c-article-section__figure-caption{margin-bottom:8px;display:block;word-break:break-word}.c-article-section__figure-1-border-caption{border-bottom:1px solid #d5d5d5;color:#626262;font-size:.813rem;margin:0;padding:8px 0;max-width:100%}.c-article-section__figure-credit{font-size:.813rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-section__figure-credit-right{text-align:right}.c-article-section__figure-content{margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-section__figure-item,.c-article-section__figure-link{display:inline-block;max-width:100%}.c-article-section__figure-link{margin:0 0 16px;padding:0}.c-article-section__figure-description{font-size:1rem}.c-article-section__figure-description>*{margin-bottom:0}.c-article-figure-title{line-height:1.4;margin:0 0 16px}.c-article-figure-subtitle{font-size:1.125rem;font-family:Georgia,Palatino,serif}.c-article-figure-content{clear:both}.c-article-figure-content-image{margin-bottom:16px;text-align:center}.c-article-figure-content-image:after,.c-article-figure-content-image:before{content:' ';display:table}.c-article-figure-content-image:after{clear:both}.c-article-figure-content-image-inline{display:inline-block}.c-article-figure-description{font-family:Georgia,Palatino,serif;margin:0 0 24px}.c-article-figure-description>*{margin-bottom:0}.c-article-figure-description>*+*{margin-top:24px}.c-article-figure-button-container,.c-article-metrics__button-container{text-align:right}.c-article-table{border:5px solid #d5d5d5;clear:both;padding:20px 10px;margin-bottom:24px}.c-article-table-image{text-align:center}.c-article-table-title,.c-article-table__figcaption{line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:16px;word-break:break-word}.c-article-table-subtitle{font-size:1.125rem;font-family:Georgia,Palatino,serif}.c-article-table__inline-caption{font-weight:400;font-size:1.05rem;margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-table-container{font-family:Georgia,Palatino,serif;margin-bottom:24px}.c-article-table-border{border:1px solid #d5d5d5}.c-article-table-container table{border:2px solid #d5d5d5;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:0;width:100%}.c-article-table-container td,.c-article-table-container th{padding:6px;border-right:1px solid #d5d5d5;line-height:1.15}.c-article-table-head{border-bottom:5px solid #959595}.c-article-table-footer{padding:10px}.c-article-table-footer ol{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.c-table-scroll-wrapper{position:relative}.c-table-scroll-wrapper__content{overflow-x:auto;min-width:100%}.c-table-scroll-wrapper__fade::after{content:'';width:30px;background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,right top,from(rgba(255,255,255,0)),color-stop(rgba(255,255,255,.6)),to(#fff));background-image:linear-gradient(to right,rgba(255,255,255,0),rgba(255,255,255,.6),#fff);position:absolute;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;opacity:1;-webkit-transition:opacity .25s ease-in-out;transition:opacity .25s ease-in-out;will-change:opacity}.c-table-scroll-wrapper__fade--transparent::after{opacity:0}.c-aod{background:#dae5ea;padding:20px;margin-bottom:24px;font-size:1rem}.c-aod__prompt{display:block;margin-bottom:8px}.c-aod__invalid{display:block;margin-top:8px}.c-aod input{padding:5px;border:1px solid linear-gradient(to bottom,#4d78af,#3365a0)}.c-aod input[type=submit]{background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#4d78af),to(#3365a0));background:linear-gradient(to bottom,#4d78af,#3365a0);color:#fff;padding:5px 10px}.c-access-options{margin:16px 0 40px}.app-footer-edition-list li.selected a,.c-access-options__heading,.c-article-metrics__altmetric-key>span{font-weight:700}.c-access-options__list{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:disc inside}.c-access-options__list>li{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.4}.c-article-table-container table,.save-data .c-article-author-institutional-author__sub-division,.save-data .c-article-compound-article-link,.save-data .c-article-equation__number,.save-data .c-article-figure-description,.save-data .c-article-figure-subtitle,.save-data .c-article-fullwidth-content,.save-data .c-article-main-column,.save-data .c-article-table-container,.save-data .c-article-table-subtitle,.save-data .c-blockquote__body,.save-data .c-code-block__heading,.save-data .c-reading-companion__figure-title,.save-data .c-reading-companion__reference-citation,.save-data .c-site-messages--nature-briefing-email-variant .serif,.save-data .c-site-messages--nature-briefing-email-variant.serif,.save-data .serif,.save-data .u-serif,.save-data h1,.save-data h2,.save-data h3{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif}.c-pdf-download{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-bottom:24px;max-height:48px}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.c-pdf-download{max-height:none}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-pdf-download{max-height:48px}}.c-pdf-download__link{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;color:#fff;background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#4d78af),to(#3365a0));background:linear-gradient(to bottom,#4d78af,#3365a0);border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:2px;text-decoration:none;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.3;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;padding:13px 24px}.c-pdf-download__link:visited{color:#fff}.c-pdf-download__link:hover{color:#fff;background:#0059c9;text-decoration:none}.c-article-metrics__heading{line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-metrics__heading a,.c-article-metrics__posts .c-card__title a{color:inherit}.c-article-metrics__body{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif}.c-article-metrics__section--left{font-size:1rem;-ms-flex-negative:1;flex-shrink:1;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.c-article-metrics__section--left{-ms-flex-preferred-size:60%;flex-basis:60%}}.c-article-metrics__section--left>li:last-child{margin-right:0}.c-article-metrics__section--left p{line-height:24px}.c-article-metrics__explanation{color:#222;font-size:.875rem;line-height:24px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.c-article-metrics__explanation{padding-left:60px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-article-metrics__explanation{padding-left:80px}}.c-article-metrics__section--right{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-negative:1;flex-shrink:1}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.c-article-metrics__section--right{-ms-flex-preferred-size:40%;flex-basis:40%}}.c-article-metrics__section-heading{line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:16px;font-weight:500;border-bottom:2px solid #222}.c-article-metrics__numbers{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-metrics__numbers li{padding-top:8px;padding-right:16px;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-article-metrics__numbers li{padding-top:0}}.c-article-metrics__access-citation{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-flow:column;flex-flow:column;color:#222}.c-article-metrics__access-citation:nth-child(1){-webkit-box-ordinal-group:3;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2}.c-article-metrics__access-citation:nth-child(2){-webkit-box-ordinal-group:2;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1}.c-article-metrics__access-citation dt{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500}.c-article-metrics__image img{max-height:128px;max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto;min-width:80px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.c-article-metrics__image img{margin:0}}.c-article-metrics__altmetric-donut{padding-bottom:24px}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.c-article-metrics__altmetric-donut{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}}.c-article-metrics__legend{margin-top:24px}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.c-article-metrics__legend{margin-top:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.c-article-metrics__legend{-ms-flex-preferred-size:75%;flex-basis:75%;-webkit-box-pack:right;-ms-flex-pack:right;justify-content:right}}.c-article-metrics__legend ul{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap}.c-article-metrics__legend li{-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;padding:8px 0 0 16px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.c-article-metrics__legend li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 1 130px;flex:0 1 130px}}@supports (display:grid) and (grid-auto-rows:auto){.c-article-metrics__legend ul{display:grid;grid-column-gap:8px;grid-auto-rows:auto;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(120px,1fr))}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.c-article-metrics__legend ul{padding-left:16px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,50%)}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-article-metrics__legend ul{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,33%)}}.c-article-metrics__legend ul li{font-size:.875rem}}.c-article-metrics__posts .c-card__title{font-size:1.05rem}.c-article-metrics__posts .c-card__title+span{color:#6f6f6f;font-size:1rem}.c-article-metrics__posts li{border-bottom:1px solid #d5d5d5;margin-bottom:16px;padding-bottom:16px}.c-article-metrics__posts li:first-child{padding-top:0}.c-article-metrics__altmetric-key{border-radius:50%;display:block;float:left;height:16px;margin-right:8px;width:16px}.c-article-metrics__altmetric-key--twitter{background-color:#2f90b9}.c-article-metrics__altmetric-key--blogs{background-color:#ffc200}.c-article-metrics__altmetric-key--facebook{background-color:#071d70}.c-article-metrics__altmetric-key--googleplus{background-color:#912470}.c-article-metrics__altmetric-key--news{background-color:#b60000}.c-article-metrics__altmetric-key--linkedin{background-color:#00bfff}.c-article-metrics__altmetric-key--reddit{background-color:#b9ddeb}.c-article-metrics__altmetric-key--f1000{background-color:#cb2d2d}.c-article-metrics__altmetric-key--pinterest{background-color:#c30}.c-article-metrics__altmetric-key--qna{background-color:#efefef}.c-article-metrics__altmetric-key--video{background-color:#98c973}.c-article-metrics__altmetric-key--wikipedia{background-color:#c7c7c7}.c-article-metrics__altmetric-key--reviews{background-color:#d45bb0}.c-article-metrics__altmetric-key--citeulike{background-color:#bcd2ef}.c-article-metrics__altmetric-key--mendeley{background-color:#a60000}.c-article-metrics__altmetric-key--connotea{background-color:#ff4040}.c-article-metrics__altmetric-key+span{display:block;margin-left:calc(16px + 8px)}.c-card,.c-card__image{position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.c-card{background-color:transparent;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;font-size:.875rem;min-width:0;padding:0;border:0;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none}.c-card__image{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-bottom:56.25%}@supports (aspect-ratio:1/1){.c-card__image{padding-bottom:0;aspect-ratio:var(--card--image-aspect-ratio, 1.77778)}}.c-card__image img{position:absolute;max-width:unset;min-width:100%;min-height:100%;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%)}@supports ((-o-object-fit:cover) or (object-fit:cover)){.c-card__image img{width:100%;height:100%;-webkit-transform:unset;transform:unset;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}}.c-card__body{padding:16px;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto}.c-card__title{font-weight:400;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:8px;letter-spacing:normal}.c-card__summary{line-height:1.4}.c-card__summary>p{margin-bottom:5px}.c-card__summary>p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.c-card__link::before{content:'';position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0}.c-card--flush .c-card__body{padding:0}.c-card--major{font-size:1rem}.c-card--dark{background-color:#708090;color:#d3d3d3;border-width:0}.c-card--dark .c-card__title{color:#fff}.app-journal-header__title a,.app-journal-header__title a.hover,.app-journal-header__title a.visited,.app-journal-header__title a:hover,.app-journal-header__title a:visited,.c-card--dark .c-card__link{color:inherit}.c-dropdown{position:relative;display:inline-block}.c-dropdown__button{background-color:transparent;border:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap}.c-dropdown__button::after{content:'';width:0;height:0;border-style:solid;border-width:5px 4px 0 5px;border-color:currentColor transparent transparent;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin-left:8px}.c-dropdown__menu{list-style:none;margin:0;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.4;background-color:#fff;border-radius:3px;border:1px solid #d9d9d9;-webkit-box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.1);box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.1);padding:8px 0;position:absolute;top:100%;-webkit-transform:translateY(8px);transform:translateY(8px);width:180px;z-index:100}.c-dropdown__menu::after,.c-dropdown__menu::before{position:absolute;bottom:100%;content:'';display:block;width:0;height:0;border-style:solid;left:16px}.c-dropdown__menu::before{border-width:0 9px 9px;border-color:transparent transparent #d9d9d9;-webkit-transform:translateX(-1px);transform:translateX(-1px)}.c-dropdown__menu::after{border-width:0 8px 8px;border-color:transparent transparent #fff}.c-dropdown__menu--right{left:auto;right:0}.c-dropdown__menu--right::after,.c-dropdown__menu--right::before{left:auto;right:16px}.c-dropdown__menu--right::before{-webkit-transform:translateX(1px);transform:translateX(1px)}.c-dropdown__link{text-decoration:none;display:block;padding:4px 16px;background-color:transparent;color:#004b83}.c-dropdown__link.active,.c-dropdown__link.hover,.c-dropdown__link:active,.c-dropdown__link:hover{text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:ink;text-decoration-skip-ink:auto}.c-dropdown__link:visited{color:#004b83}.c-dropdown__link:hover{background-color:#0061a9;color:#fff}.c-popup-search{position:relative;z-index:10;background-color:#eee;padding:16px 0;-webkit-box-shadow:0 3px 3px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.21);box-shadow:0 3px 3px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.21)}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.js .c-popup-search{position:absolute;width:100%;top:100%}.c-popup-search__container{margin:auto;max-width:70%}}.app-journal-header__theme{height:50px;margin:-16px -16px 0;position:relative;border-top-left-radius:2px;border-top-right-radius:2px;overflow:hidden}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.app-journal-header__theme::after{content:'';background-color:rgba(255,255,255,.15);width:456px;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;bottom:0}}.app-journal-header__content{padding-top:16px}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.app-journal-header__content{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}}.app-journal-header__main{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.app-journal-header__side{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 0 440px;flex:1 0 440px;max-width:440px;padding-left:16px;margin-left:16px}}.app-journal-header__side:not(:empty){border-top:1px solid rgba(151,191,216,.3);margin-top:16px;padding-top:16px}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.app-journal-header__side:not(:empty){border-top:0;border-left:1px solid rgba(151,191,216,.3);margin-top:0;padding-top:0}}.app-journal-header__cover{margin-top:-50px;margin-right:16px;position:relative;z-index:5}.app-journal-header__cover img{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 5px 2px rgba(162,162,162,.2);box-shadow:0 0 5px 2px rgba(162,162,162,.2);border:2px solid #fff;border-radius:4px;max-width:96px;max-height:125px}.app-journal-header__title{line-height:1.2;font-size:1.875rem;margin-bottom:0}.app-journal-header__subtitle{font-size:1.125rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;margin-bottom:0}.app-journal-header__imprint{max-height:75px}.app-footer{background-color:#fcfcfc}.app-footer,.app-footer-edition-list a,.app-footer-edition-list a:active,.app-footer-edition-list a:hover,.app-footer-edition-list a:visited,.app-footer__copyright a,.app-footer__copyright a:active,.app-footer__copyright a:hover,.app-footer__copyright a:visited,.app-footer__nav a,.app-footer__nav a:active,.app-footer__nav a:hover,.app-footer__nav a:visited{color:#626262}.app-footer__container{margin:0 auto;max-width:1280px;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;padding:16px}.app-footer__aside-wrapper{border:1px solid #eee;border-left:0;border-right:0}.app-footer__strapline{font-size:1.0625rem;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:16px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.app-footer__strapline{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:0}.app-footer__edition{float:right;margin-bottom:0}}.app-footer-edition-list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.app-footer-edition-list li{display:inline-block}.app-footer-edition-list li:first-child{border-right:1px solid #eee;margin-right:.5em;padding-right:.5em}.app-footer__nav{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0 0 16px}.app-footer__nav li{display:inline-block;border-right:1px solid #eee;margin-right:.5em;padding-right:.5em}.app-footer__nav li:last-child{border-right:none;padding-right:0}.app-footer__parent-logo{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:16px}.app-footer__copyright,.app-footer__user-access-info{font-size:.75rem;margin:0}.app-search__content{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.app-search__label{font-size:.875rem;display:inline-block;color:#666;margin-bottom:8px}.app-search__input{font-size:.875rem;border:1px solid #b3b3b3;border-top-left-radius:3px;border-bottom-left-radius:3px;vertical-align:middle;line-height:1.2;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.21);box-shadow:inset 0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.21);padding:.75em 1em;width:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto}.app-search__button{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;margin:0;position:relative;text-decoration:none;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.3;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;padding:8px;-webkit-transition:.25s ease,color .25s ease,border-color .25s ease;transition:.25s ease,color .25s ease,border-color .25s ease;border-radius:2px;color:#fff;background-color:#33629d;background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#4d76a9),to(#33629d));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#4d76a9,#33629d);border:1px solid rgba(0,59,132,.5);width:50px;text-align:center;border-top-left-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0}.app-search__button svg,.u-button svg,.u-button--contrast svg,.u-button--ghost svg,.u-button--primary svg{fill:currentColor}.app-search__button:visited{color:#fff}.app-search__button:hover{border:1px solid #0061a9}.app-search__button:focus{border:1px solid #0061a9}.app-search__button:focus,.app-search__button:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#0061a9;background-image:none}.app-search__button:focus svg path,.app-search__button:hover svg path,.u-button--primary:focus svg path,.u-button--primary:hover svg path,.u-button:focus svg path,.u-button:hover svg path{fill:#fff}.app-search__icon--outline{border-radius:50%;border:1px solid currentColor;padding:.2em}.u-button{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;margin:0;position:relative;text-decoration:none;width:auto;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.3;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;padding:8px;-webkit-transition:.25s ease,color .25s ease,border-color .25s ease;transition:.25s ease,color .25s ease,border-color .25s ease;border-radius:2px;background-color:#f2f2f2;background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#fff),to(#f2f2f2));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#fff,#f2f2f2);border:1px solid #ccc}.u-button,.u-button:visited{color:#004b83}.u-button:hover{border:1px solid #666;text-decoration:none}.u-button:focus{border:1px solid #666;text-decoration:none}.u-button:focus,.u-button:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#666;background-image:none}.u-button--primary{color:#fff;background-color:#33629d;background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#4d76a9),to(#33629d));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#4d76a9,#33629d);border:1px solid rgba(0,59,132,.5)}.u-button--primary:visited{color:#fff}.u-button--primary:hover{border:1px solid #0061a9}.u-button--primary:focus{border:1px solid #0061a9}.u-button--primary:focus,.u-button--primary:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#0061a9;background-image:none}.u-button--contrast{color:#fff;background-color:transparent;background-image:none;font-weight:400}.u-button--contrast:visited{color:#fff}.u-button--contrast,.u-button--contrast:hover{border:1px solid #fff}.u-button--contrast:focus{border:1px solid #fff}.u-button--contrast:focus,.u-button--contrast:hover{color:#000;background-color:#fff;background-image:none}.u-button--contrast:focus svg path,.u-button--contrast:hover svg path{fill:#000}.u-button--ghost{color:#333;background-color:transparent;background-image:none}.u-button--ghost:visited{color:#333}.u-button--ghost:focus,.u-button--ghost:hover{color:#333;background-color:rgba(242,242,242,.5);background-image:none}.u-button--ghost:focus svg path,.u-button--ghost:hover svg path{fill:#333}.u-button--disabled,.u-button:disabled{color:#333;background-color:transparent;background-image:none;border:1px solid #ccc;opacity:.67;cursor:default}.u-button--disabled svg,.u-button:disabled svg{fill:currentColor}.u-button--disabled:visited,.u-button:disabled:visited{color:#333}.u-button--disabled:hover,.u-button:disabled:hover{border:1px solid #ccc;text-decoration:none}.u-button--disabled:focus,.u-button:disabled:focus{border:1px solid #ccc;text-decoration:none}.u-button--disabled:focus,.u-button--disabled:hover,.u-button:disabled:focus,.u-button:disabled:hover{color:#333;background-color:transparent;background-image:none}.u-button--disabled:focus svg path,.u-button--disabled:hover svg path,.u-button:disabled:focus svg path,.u-button:disabled:hover svg path{fill:#333}.u-button--small,.u-button--xsmall{font-size:.875rem;padding:2px}.u-button--small{padding:inherit}.u-button--large{font-size:1rem;padding:16px}.u-button--full-width{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%}.u-button--icon-left svg{margin-right:8px}.u-button--icon-right svg{margin-left:8px}.u-clearfix::after,.u-clearfix::before{content:"";display:table}.u-clearfix::after{clear:both}.u-display-block{display:block}.c-article-history-item__authors li,.u-display-inline,.u-list-comma-separated>li,.u-list-inline>li{display:inline}.u-display-inline-block{display:inline-block}.u-display-flex{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%}.u-display-inline-flex{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex}.u-display-grid{display:-ms-grid;display:grid}.u-display-table{display:table}.u-flex-direction-column,.u-flex-direction-row{-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row}.u-flex-direction-column{-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column}.u-flex-wrap{-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap}.u-align-items-center{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.u-align-items-baseline{-webkit-box-align:baseline;-ms-flex-align:baseline;align-items:baseline}.u-justify-content-space-between{-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between}.u-justify-content-center{-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center}.u-justify-content-left{-webkit-box-pack:left;-ms-flex-pack:left;justify-content:left}.u-flex-grow{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 0 auto;flex:1 0 auto}.u-flex-grow-shrink{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto}.u-flex-shrink,.u-flex-static{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto}.u-flex-static{-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto}.u-align-self-center{-ms-flex-item-align:center;-ms-grid-row-align:center;align-self:center}.u-align-self-start{-ms-flex-item-align:start;align-self:flex-start}.u-align-self-end{-ms-flex-item-align:end;align-self:flex-end}.u-display-none{display:none}.js .u-js-hide{display:none;visibility:hidden}.js .u-js-show,.u-show{display:block;visibility:visible}.js .u-js-show-inline,.u-show-inline{display:inline;visibility:visible}.js .u-js-visually-hidden{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-100%;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px}.js .u-js-visually-hidden--off,.u-visually-hidden--off{border:0;clip:initial;height:auto;margin:0;overflow:auto;padding:0;position:relative;width:auto}.u-invisible{visibility:hidden}.js .u-js-hide-text,.u-hide-text{text-indent:100%;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;direction:ltr;vertical-align:bottom}.u-hide-overflow{overflow:hidden}@media print{.u-hide-print{display:none}}@media only screen and (min-width:320px){.js .u-js-hide-at-xs,.u-hide-at-xs{display:none;visibility:hidden}.js .u-js-show-at-xs,.u-show-at-xs{display:block;visibility:visible}}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.js .u-js-hide-at-sm,.u-hide-at-sm{display:none;visibility:hidden}.js .u-js-show-at-sm,.u-show-at-sm{display:block;visibility:visible}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.js .u-js-hide-at-md,.u-hide-at-md{display:none;visibility:hidden}.js .u-js-show-at-md,.u-show-at-md{display:block;visibility:visible}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.js .u-js-hide-at-lg,.u-hide-at-lg{display:none;visibility:hidden}.js .u-js-show-at-lg,.u-show-at-lg{display:block;visibility:visible}}@media only screen and (min-width:1220px){.js .u-js-hide-at-xl,.u-hide-at-xl{display:none;visibility:hidden}.js .u-js-show-at-xl,.u-show-at-xl{display:block;visibility:visible}}.u-icon{fill:currentColor;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0);display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-top;width:1em;height:1em}.u-list-style-number{list-style-type:decimal}.u-list-style-bullet{list-style-type:disc}.u-list-style-none{list-style-type:none}.u-list-inline,.u-list-reset{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.u-custom-list-number{float:left;width:3em;padding-right:.5em;margin-left:-3.5em;text-align:right}.u-list-comma-separated{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.u-list-comma-separated>li:not(:first-child):not(:last-child)::before{content:', '}.u-list-comma-separated>li:not(:only-child):last-child::before{content:' & '}.u-list-truncated>li:not(:only-child):last-child::before{content:' ... '}.u-keyline,.u-keyline--thick{border-bottom:1px solid #d9d9d9;padding-bottom:16px;margin-bottom:16px}.u-keyline--thick{border-bottom:2px solid #d9d9d9}.u-shadow{border:1px solid #000;-webkit-box-shadow:5px 5px 5px #000;box-shadow:5px 5px 5px #000}.u-button-reset{background-color:transparent;border:0;padding:0}.u-monospace{font-family:monospace}.u-sans-serif{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif}.u-serif{font-family:Georgia,Palatino,serif}.u-small-caps{font-size:.8em;text-transform:uppercase}.u-text-left{text-align:left}.u-text-center{text-align:center}.u-text-normal{font-weight:400}.u-text-bold{font-weight:700}.u-double-underline{text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:ink;text-decoration-skip-ink:auto;border-bottom:1px solid}.u-upper{text-transform:uppercase}.u-lower{text-transform:lowercase}.u-capitalize{text-transform:capitalize}.u-underline{text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:ink;text-decoration-skip-ink:auto}.u-unstyled{font-weight:400;font-style:normal}.u-container{margin:0 auto;max-width:1280px;padding:0 16px}.u-position-absolute{position:absolute}.u-position-relative{position:relative}.u-position-top{top:0}.u-position-left{left:0}.u-position-bottom{bottom:0}.u-position-right{right:0}.u-position-negative-right{right:100%}.u-ma-2{margin:2px}.u-ma-4{margin:4px}.u-ma-8{margin:8px}.u-ma-16{margin:16px}.u-ma-24{margin:24px}.u-ma-32{margin:32px}.u-ma-48{margin:48px}.u-ma-64{margin:64px}.u-ma-auto{margin:auto}.u-mt-0{margin-top:0}.u-mt-2{margin-top:2px}.u-mt-4{margin-top:4px}.u-mt-8{margin-top:8px}.u-mt-16{margin-top:16px}.u-mt-24{margin-top:24px}.u-mt-32{margin-top:32px}.u-mt-48{margin-top:48px}.u-mt-64{margin-top:64px}.u-mt-auto{margin-top:auto}.u-mr-0{margin-right:0}.u-mr-2{margin-right:2px}.u-mr-4{margin-right:4px}.u-mr-8{margin-right:8px}.u-mr-16{margin-right:16px}.u-mr-24{margin-right:24px}.u-mr-32{margin-right:32px}.u-mr-48{margin-right:48px}.u-mr-64{margin-right:64px}.u-mr-auto{margin-right:auto}.u-mb-0{margin-bottom:0}.u-mb-2{margin-bottom:2px}.u-mb-4{margin-bottom:4px}.u-mb-8{margin-bottom:8px}.u-mb-16{margin-bottom:16px}.u-mb-24{margin-bottom:24px}.u-mb-32{margin-bottom:32px}.u-mb-48{margin-bottom:48px}.u-mb-64{margin-bottom:64px}.u-mb-auto{margin-bottom:auto}.u-ml-0{margin-left:0}.u-ml-2{margin-left:2px}.u-ml-4{margin-left:4px}.u-ml-8{margin-left:8px}.u-ml-16{margin-left:16px}.u-ml-24{margin-left:24px}.u-ml-32{margin-left:32px}.u-ml-48{margin-left:48px}.u-ml-64{margin-left:64px}.u-ml-auto{margin-left:auto}.u-pa-0{padding:0}.u-pa-2{padding:2px}.u-pa-4{padding:4px}.u-pa-8{padding:8px}.u-pa-16{padding:16px}.u-pa-24{padding:24px}.u-pa-32{padding:32px}.u-pa-48{padding:48px}.u-pa-64{padding:64px}.u-pt-0{padding-top:0}.u-pt-2{padding-top:2px}.u-pt-4{padding-top:4px}.u-pt-8{padding-top:8px}.u-pt-16{padding-top:16px}.u-pt-24{padding-top:24px}.u-pt-32{padding-top:32px}.u-pt-48{padding-top:48px}.u-pt-64{padding-top:64px}.u-pr-0{padding-right:0}.u-pr-2{padding-right:2px}.u-pr-4{padding-right:4px}.u-pr-8{padding-right:8px}.u-pr-16{padding-right:16px}.u-pr-24{padding-right:24px}.u-pr-32{padding-right:32px}.u-pr-48{padding-right:48px}.u-pr-64{padding-right:64px}.u-pb-0{padding-bottom:0}.u-pb-2{padding-bottom:2px}.u-pb-4{padding-bottom:4px}.u-pb-8{padding-bottom:8px}.u-pb-16{padding-bottom:16px}.u-pb-24{padding-bottom:24px}.u-pb-32{padding-bottom:32px}.u-pb-48{padding-bottom:48px}.u-pb-64{padding-bottom:64px}.u-pl-0{padding-left:0}.u-pl-2{padding-left:2px}.u-pl-4{padding-left:4px}.u-pl-8{padding-left:8px}.u-pl-16{padding-left:16px}.u-pl-24{padding-left:24px}.u-pl-32{padding-left:32px}.u-pl-48{padding-left:48px}.u-pl-64{padding-left:64px}.u-hide{display:none;visibility:hidden}@media only screen and (min-width:320px){.u-hide-at-xs{display:none;visibility:hidden}}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.u-hide-at-sm{display:none;visibility:hidden}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.u-hide-at-md{display:none;visibility:hidden}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.u-hide-at-lg{display:none;visibility:hidden}}@media only screen and (min-width:1220px){.u-hide-at-xl{display:none;visibility:hidden}}@media only screen and (max-width:319px){.u-hide-at-lt-xs{display:none;visibility:hidden}}@media only screen and (max-width:539px){.u-hide-at-lt-sm{display:none;visibility:hidden}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.u-hide-at-lt-md{display:none;visibility:hidden}}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){.u-hide-at-lt-lg{display:none;visibility:hidden}}@media only screen and (max-width:1219px){.u-hide-at-lt-xl{display:none;visibility:hidden}}.u-visually-hidden{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-100%;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px}@media only screen and (min-width:320px){.u-visually-hidden-at-xs{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-100%;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px}}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.u-visually-hidden-at-sm{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-100%;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.u-visually-hidden-at-md{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-100%;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.u-visually-hidden-at-lg{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-100%;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1220px){.u-visually-hidden-at-xl{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-100%;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px}}@media only screen and (max-width:319px){.u-visually-hidden-at-lt-xs{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-100%;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px}}@media only screen and (max-width:539px){.u-visually-hidden-at-lt-sm{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-100%;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.u-visually-hidden-at-lt-md{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-100%;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px}}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){.u-visually-hidden-at-lt-lg{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-100%;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px}}@media only screen and (max-width:1219px){.u-visually-hidden-at-lt-xl{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-100%;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px}}.u-visually-hidden-focus:active,.u-visually-hidden-focus:focus{position:static!important;width:auto;height:auto;overflow:visible;clip:auto;white-space:normal;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;margin:0}.u-float-right{float:right}.u-float-left{float:left}.u-text-xs{font-size:.875rem}.u-text-sm{font-size:1rem}.u-text-md{font-size:1.125rem}.u-text-lg{font-size:1.5rem}.u-text-sans-serif{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif}.u-text-serif{font-family:Georgia,Palatino,serif}.u-text-font-smoothing{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.u-text-right{text-align:right}.u-word-wrap{word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word}.grade-a-hide,.hide,.js .js-hide{display:none;visibility:hidden}.js .js-show,.show{display:block;visibility:visible}.js .js-authors-expanded .js-author-etal,.js .js-show-inline,.show-inline{display:inline;visibility:visible}.js .js-visually-hidden,.visually-hidden{width:1px;height:1px;position:absolute!important;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px)}.js .js-author-etal{display:none;visibility:hidden}@media only screen and (max-width:75em){.js .js-mq1200-hide,.mq1200-hide{display:none;visibility:hidden}.js .js-mq1200-show,.mq1200-show{display:block;visibility:visible}.js .js-mq1200-show-inline,.mq1200-show-inline{display:inline;visibility:visible}.mq1200-visually-show{clip:auto;height:auto;position:static!important;width:auto}}@media only screen and (max-width:54.688em){.js .js-mq875-hide,.mq875-hide{display:none;visibility:hidden}.js .js-mq875-show,.mq875-show{display:block;visibility:visible}.js .js-mq875-show-inline,.mq875-show-inline{display:inline;visibility:visible}.mq875-visually-show{clip:auto;height:auto;position:static!important;width:auto}}@media only screen and (max-width:40em){.js .js-mq640-hide,.mq640-hide{display:none;visibility:hidden}.js .js-mq640-show,.mq640-show{display:block;visibility:visible}.js .js-mq640-show-inline,.mq640-show-inline{display:inline;visibility:visible}.mq640-visually-show{clip:auto;height:auto;position:static!important;width:auto}}@media only screen and (max-width:30em){.js .js-mq480-hide,.mq480-hide{display:none;visibility:hidden}.js .js-mq480-show,.mq480-show{display:block;visibility:visible}.mq480-show-inline,html.js .js-mq480-show-inline{display:inline!important;visibility:visible!important}.mq480-visually-show{clip:auto;height:auto;position:static!important;width:auto}.js .js-smaller-author-etal{display:none;visibility:hidden}.js .js-authors-expanded .js-smaller-author-etal{display:inline;visibility:visible}}.c-article-section__figure-description{font-family:Georgia,Palatino,serif}.app-footer__nav a{text-decoration:underline}.app-footer__nav a:hover{text-decoration:none}.app-footer-edition-list a:hover,.app-footer__copyright a:hover{text-decoration:inherit}.c-article-section__content p{line-height:1.8}.c-journal-header__title>a,.c-journal-header__title>a:active,.c-journal-header__title>a:hover,.c-journal-header__title>a:visited{color:inherit}.c-article-container{padding:0 20px}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-article-collection__container{display:none}}.c-article-associated-content__container{display:none;max-width:312px}.c-article-associated-content__container a{text-decoration:underline}.c-article-associated-content__container a:hover{text-decoration-thickness:.2421875rem;text-underline-offset:.08em}@media only screen and (min-width:320px){.c-article-associated-content__container{display:block;float:none}}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__title{display:none}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection.collection,.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection.section .c-article-associated-content__collection-label{display:block;margin-top:1.75rem}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection.collection~.c-article-associated-content__collection.collection .c-article-associated-content__collection-label,.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection.section~.c-article-associated-content__collection.section .c-article-associated-content__collection-label{display:none;margin-bottom:0}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection:first-child{margin-top:0}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection:last-child{margin-bottom:1.5rem}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection-label{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;margin-bottom:.25rem;font-size:1.063rem;font-weight:700;color:#333}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection-title{font-size:1.063rem;font-weight:400}.js .c-collapse{display:none}.js .c-collapse.is-shown{display:block}@media only screen and (min-width:320px){.js .c-collapse-at-xs{display:none}.js .c-collapse-at-xs.is-shown{display:block}}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.js .c-collapse-at-sm{display:none}.js .c-collapse-at-sm.is-shown{display:block}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.js .c-collapse-at-md{display:none}.js .c-collapse-at-md.is-shown{display:block}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.js .c-collapse-at-lg{display:none}.js .c-collapse-at-lg.is-shown{display:block}}@media only screen and (min-width:1220px){.js .c-collapse-at-xl{display:none}.js .c-collapse-at-xl.is-shown{display:block}}@media only screen and (max-width:319px){.js .c-collapse-at-lt-xs{display:none}.js .c-collapse-at-lt-xs.is-shown{display:block}}@media only screen and (max-width:539px){.js .c-collapse-at-lt-sm{display:none}.js .c-collapse-at-lt-sm.is-shown{display:block}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.js .c-collapse-at-lt-md{display:none}.js .c-collapse-at-lt-md.is-shown{display:block}}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){.js .c-collapse-at-lt-lg{display:none}.js .c-collapse-at-lt-lg.is-shown{display:block}}@media only screen and (max-width:1219px){.js .c-collapse-at-lt-xl{display:none}.js .c-collapse-at-lt-xl.is-shown{display:block}}.c-bibliographic-information,.c-bibliographic-information h4,.c-reading-companion__sections-list{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif}.c-bibliographic-information h4{margin:0}.c-bibliographic-information__multi-value{display:block;font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:0}.c-bibliographic-information__list-item{line-height:1.4}.c-bibliographic-information__list-item p{margin-bottom:0}.c-article-history{border-top:1px solid #ccc;margin-top:24px;padding:24px 0 0}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.c-article-history{padding-left:83px}}.c-article-history-item{display:block;border-left:2px dotted #999;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;margin-bottom:-4px;padding-bottom:48px;padding-left:12px;position:relative}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.c-article-history-item{padding-left:24px}}.c-article-history-item:before{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8, %3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='24' height='24'%3E%3Cg fill='none' fill-rule='evenodd'%3E%3Cpath d='M12 18a6 6 0 1 0 0-12 6 6 0 0 0 0 12zm0 2a8 8 0 1 1 0-16 8 8 0 0 1 0 16z' fill='%23FCFCFC' fill-rule='nonzero'/%3E%3Cpath d='M12 16a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8zm0 2a6 6 0 1 1 0-12 6 6 0 0 1 0 12z' fill='%23B3B3B3' fill-rule='nonzero'/%3E%3Ccircle fill='%23FCFCFC' cx='12' cy='12' r='4'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-repeat:no-repeat;content:"\00a0";padding-left:1.5em;height:100%;left:-13px;top:-1px;position:absolute}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.c-article-history-item:before{top:-2px}}.c-article-history-item:last-child{border-left:2px solid transparent}.c-article-history-item--current:before{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8, %3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='24' height='24'%3E%3Cg fill='none' fill-rule='evenodd'%3E%3Cpath d='M12 18a6 6 0 1 0 0-12 6 6 0 0 0 0 12zm0 2a8 8 0 1 1 0-16 8 8 0 0 1 0 16z' fill='%23FCFCFC' fill-rule='nonzero'/%3E%3Cpath d='M12 16a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8zm0 2a6 6 0 1 1 0-12 6 6 0 0 1 0 12z' fill='%23B3B3B3' fill-rule='nonzero'/%3E%3Ccircle fill='%23B3B3B3' cx='12' cy='12' r='4'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-repeat:no-repeat}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.c-article-history-item__marker{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;position:absolute;left:-110px;top:0;text-align:right;width:83px}}.c-article-history-item__title{margin-bottom:12px;display:inline-block}.c-article-history-item__authors{margin:0;padding:0}.c-article-history-item__authors li:after{content:','}.c-article-history-item__authors li:last-child:after{content:''}.c-article-history-item__dates{line-height:1.8;margin:0}.c-article-history-item__dates dd,.c-article-history-item__dates dt{display:inline;margin:0}.c-article-history-item__dates dt{font-weight:700}.c-article-history-item__doi{margin:16px 0}.c-article-history-item__changelog h3{font-size:.875rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-weight:700;line-height:1.7;margin-bottom:0}.c-article-history-item__changelog p:first-of-type{margin-top:0}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-article-access-provider,.c-note{margin-left:20px}}.c-page-layout__main .article__buybox{margin-bottom:40px}.c-article__button{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;color:#fff;background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#4d78af),to(#3365a0));background:linear-gradient(to bottom,#4d78af,#3365a0);border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:2px;text-decoration:none;padding:16px 24px;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:24px;font-size:1rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif}.c-article__button:visited{color:#fff}.c-article__button:hover{background:#0059c9;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}.c-article-buy-box{margin-bottom:24px}.c-article-buy-box--article{display:block}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-article-buy-box--article{display:none}}.u-ma-0{margin:0}.c-article-main-column .c-buybox__container,.c-article-main-column .c-pdf-button__container .c-pdf-download{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){.c-article-main-column .c-pdf-button__container .c-pdf-download{display:block}}@media only screen and (max-width:75em){.mq1200-padded{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}}.c-banner{margin-top:-24px}.c-article-section__title,.c-article-title,.c-box__heading{font-weight:400}.c-chapter-book-series{font-size:1rem}.c-chapter-info-container{margin-bottom:16px}.c-bibliographic-information__download-citation-list{list-style:none;margin:0 0 16px;padding:0}.c-bibliographic-information__download-citation-item{display:inline-block;font-size:1rem;margin-right:8px}.c-bibliographic-information__download-citation-item svg{margin:1px 8px 0 0}.c-chapter-identifiers{margin:16px 0 8px}.c-chapter-info-details{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:8px}.c-chapter-book-details a,.c-chapter-book-details a.hover,.c-chapter-book-details a.visited,.c-chapter-book-details a:hover,.c-chapter-book-details a:visited,.c-chapter-info-details a,.c-chapter-info-details a.hover,.c-chapter-info-details a.visited,.c-chapter-info-details a:hover,.c-chapter-info-details a:visited{color:inherit}.app-journal-header__title{font-weight:400}@media only screen and (max-width:539px){.app-journal-header__cover img{max-width:76px}}.c-book-info-details{border-bottom:1px solid #eee;margin-bottom:24px}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){.c-article-main-column .c-buybox__container{display:block}}.c-book-info-details,.c-book-info-list{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif}.c-book-info-list dd,.c-book-info-list dt{display:inline}.c-book-section{line-height:1.5;margin-top:8px}.c-chapter-book-details{position:relative;overflow:hidden;font-size:1rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif}.c-chapter-book-details__title{font-weight:700}.c-chapter-book-details__acronym{border-right:1px solid #6f6f6f;margin-right:8px;padding-right:8px}.c-chapter-book-details__cite-as{border-left:1px solid #6f6f6f;margin-left:8px;padding-left:8px}@media only screen and (max-width:539px){.c-chapter-book-details__meta{display:block}}.right-arrow{padding-left:24px}.right-arrow:before{content:'';width:16px;height:16px;background:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg height='16' viewBox='0 0 16 16' width='16' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='m6.10307866 2.97190702v7.69043288l2.44965196-2.44676915c.38776071-.38730439 1.0088052-.39493524 1.38498697-.01919617.38609051.38563612.38643641 1.01053024-.00013864 1.39665039l-4.12239817 4.11754683c-.38616704.3857126-1.01187344.3861062-1.39846576-.0000311l-4.12258206-4.11773056c-.38618426-.38572979-.39254614-1.00476697-.01636437-1.38050605.38609047-.38563611 1.01018509-.38751562 1.4012233.00306241l2.44985644 2.4469734v-8.67638639c0-.54139983.43698413-.98042709.98493125-.98159081l7.89910522-.0043627c.5451687 0 .9871152.44142642.9871152.98595351s-.4419465.98595351-.9871152.98595351z' fill='%23666' fill-rule='evenodd' transform='matrix(-1 0 0 -1 14 15)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E%0A") no-repeat 0 0;display:inline-block;-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg);transform:rotate(90deg);position:absolute;left:0;top:2px}.c-chapter-buy-box--chapter{margin-bottom:24px}.c-button{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;display:block;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:background-color .25s ease,color .25s ease,border-color .25s ease;transition:background-color .25s ease,color .25s ease,border-color .25s ease;margin:0;padding:8px 12px;width:100%;border-radius:2px;line-height:1.6em;border:1px solid #b3b3b3}.c-button:focus{outline:0}.c-button--blue{color:#fff;background-color:#3365a4;background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#4d78af),to(#3365a4));background-image:linear-gradient(180deg,#4d78af,#3365a4);border-color:rgba(0,63,141,.5)}.c-button--blue:visited{color:#004aa7}.c-button--blue:hover,.kb_user .c-button--blue:focus{color:#fff;border-color:#0061da;background-color:#0061da;background-image:none}.c-button--blue:hover svg path,.kb_user .c-button--blue:focus svg path{fill:#fff}.c-button--blue:focus{border-color:#0061da}

/*# sourceMappingURL=enhanced-article-cfaa4f4f76.css.map */