Editorial board
Editor-in-Chief
John Lonstein, MD, Twin Cities Spine Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Deputy Editors
Sigurd Berven, MD, University of California-San Francisco, San Franciso, CA, USA
Douglas Burton, MD, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
Allen Carl, MD, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
Leah Carreon, MD, Norton Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, KY, USA
Jason Pui Yin Cheung, MBBS, MMedSc, MS, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
John C. France, MD, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
Ian Harding, BA, FRCS, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
Vicki Kalen, MD, Eclipse Clinical Research, Tuscon, AZ, USA
Panagiotis G. Korovessis, MD, PhD, General Hospital Agios Andreas, Patras, Greece
Lawrence Lenke, MD,Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
James Ogilvie, MD,Salt Lake City, UT, USA
Yong Qiu, MD, NanJing University Medical School, NanJing, China
Dilip Sengupta, MD, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
Christopher Shaffrey, MD, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Justin Smith, MD, PhD, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Jeffrey Stambough, MD, MBA, TriHealth, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Deputy Editor - State of the Art Review
Sigurd Berven, University of California-San Francisco, San Franciso, CA, USA
Allen Carl, Albany Medical Center, Albany, GA, USA
Deputy Editor – Social Media
Robert Cho, MD, Shriners for Children Medical Center, Pasadena, CA, USA
Editorial Board
Kariman Abelin-Genevois, MD, Centre Medico-Chirurgical de Readaptation des Massues, France
Raphael Adobor, MD, PhD, University of Oslo, Norway
Behrooz Akbarnia, MD, University of California San Diego, USA
Ahmet Alanay, MD, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar Universitesi, Turkey
Steven Albanese, MD, SUNY Upstate Medical University College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
Christopher Ames, MD, University of California San Francisco, USA
Jason B. Anari, MD, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Division of Orthopaedics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Andre Andujar, MD, Hospital Infantil Joana de Gusmão, Brazil
Peter Angevine, MD, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Ufuk Aydinli, MD, Acıbadem Atasehir Hospital, Turkey
Ali Baaj, MD, UA College of Medicine Phoenix: The University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, USA
Ravi Bains, MD, Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center, USA
Keith Baldwin, MD, MPH, MSPT, Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
Massimo Balsano, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Italy
Tungish Bansal, MS, DNB Ortho, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India
Theresa Bas, MD, PhD, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe Servicio de Urología, Valencia, Spain
Eduardo Beauchamp, MD, Twin Cities Spine Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Laura Bellaire, MD, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
Shay Bess, MD, Presbyterian St Lukes Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
Laurel Blakemore, MD, Children's National Medical Center: Washington, DC, USA
Oheneba Boachie-Adjei, MD, FOCOS Orthopaedic Hospital, Ghana
John Braun, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Marco Brayda-Bruno, MD, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute: IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
Keith Bridwell, MD, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
Jacob Buchowski, MD, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
Thomas J. Buell, MD, UPMC Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Joshua Bunch, MD, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA
Shane Burch, MD, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
John Caridi, MD, Lenox Hill Hospital, USA
Paul Celestre, MD, Ochsner Medical Center - New Orleans: Ochsner Medical Center, USA
Anastasios Charalampidis, MD, Sweden
Kenneth Cheung, MD, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong
Samuel Cho, MD, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
Alvin Crawford, MD, , USA
Haemish Crawford, MD, Starship Children's Hospital, New Zealand
Bryan Cunningham, MD, USA
Matthew Cunningham, MD, USA
Benny Dahl, MD, PhD, DMSci, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Mario Di Silvestre, MD, Italy
John Dimar, MD, University of Louisville Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, USA
Matthew Dobbs, MD, St. Louis, MO, USA
James Dowdell, MD, Hospital for Special Surgery, USA
Jean Dubousset, MD, Academie Nationale de Medecine, France
Robert Dunn, FCS (SA), Constantia, South Africa
Elias Elias, MD, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
Meric Enercan, MD, Demiroglu Science University: TC Demiroglu Bilim Universitesi, Turkey
Michael Faloon, MD, MS, , USA
Tim Feyma, MD, Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare, USA
Nicholas Fletcher, MD, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Egleston Hospital, USA
John Flynn, MD, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Division of Orthopaedics, USA
Easton Ford, MS, University of Louisville, USA
Haruki Funao, PhD, MD, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital: Kokusai Iryo Fukushi Daigaku Narita Byoin, Japan
Robert Gaines, MD, University of Missouri Health Care, USA
Sumeet Garg, MD, Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
Paul Gerdhem, MD, Karolinska Institute: Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
Federico Girardi, MD, USA
Steven Glassman, MD, USA
Paul Glazer, MD, USA
Vijay Goel, PhD, USA
Santiago Gonzalez, MD, Mexico
Michael Grevitt, FRCS (Orth), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
Theodoros Grivas, MD , PhD, Tzaneio General Hopaital of Piraeus, Greece
Mari Groves, MD, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
Tenner Guillaume, MD, USA
Jeffrey Gum, MD, Norton Healthcare, USA
Munish Gupta, MD, Washington University in Saint Louis, USA
Yazeed Gussous, MD, El Camino Health: El Camino Hospital, USA
Lawrence Haber, MD, Ochsner Hospital for Children, USA
Sleiman Haddad, MD, PhD, Vall d'Hebron Hospital: Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, SpainKim Hammerberg, MD, Chicago, IL, USA
Kim Hammerberg, MD, Shriners Hospitals for Children Chicago, USA
Azmi Hamzaoglu, MD, Istanbul Spine Center, Turkey
Kazuhiro Hasegawa, MD, , Japan
Tomohiko Hasegawa, MD, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan
Carol Hasler, MD, UKBB Universitats-Kinderspital, Switzerland
Robert Heary, MD, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, USA
Matthew Hepler, MD, South Florida Back Spine and Scoliosis, USA
John Heydemann, MD, USA
Brian Hsu, MD, Australia
Serena Hu, MD, USA
Michael Hughes, MD, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, USA
Kamal Ibrahim, MD, FRCS(c), MA, Loyola University Health System, USA
Stephanie Ihnow, MD, University of Florida, USA
Manabu Ito, MD, PhD, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, Japan
Wilco Jacobs, MD, Netherlands
Amit Jain, MD, Johns Hopkins University, USA
Dezso Jeszenszky, MD, Switzerland
Pankaj Kandwal, MD, All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Rishikesh, India, India
Aidin Kashigar, MD, USA
So Kato, MD, The University of Tokyo Hospital: Tokyo Daigaku Igakubu Fuzoku Byoin, Japan
Yoshihiro Katsuura, MD, Hospital for Special Surgery, USA
Noriaki Kawakami, MD, DMSc, Ichinomiya Nishi Hospital, Japan
Khaled Kebaish, MD, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine: The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
Michael Kelly, MD, MSc, University of California San Diego, USA
Derek Kelly, MD, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine Memphis, USA
Han Jo Kim, MD, Hospital for Special Surgery, USA
Dimitriy Kondrashov, MD, SMMC: St Mary's Medical Center, USA
Tyler Koski, MD, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
Calvin Kuo, MD, The Permanente Medical Group, USA
Virginie Lafage, PhD, Lenox Hill Hospital, USA
A. Noelle Larson, MD, Mayo Clinic, USA
William Lavelle, MD, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, USA
RONALD LEHMAN, MD, Columbia University Medical Center: Columbia University Irving Medical Center, USA
Stephen Lewis, MD, MSc, FRCSC, University of Toronto, Canada
Zhen Liu, MD, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital: Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, China
Baron Lonner, MD, Mount Sinai Hospital, USA
Philip Louie, MD, Virginia Mason Franciscan Health, USA
Scott Luhmann, MD, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis: Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, USA
Darren Lui, MD, St George's Hospital, UK
Keith Luk, MD, Hong Kong
Dante Marchesi, MD, Switzerland
Rex Marco, MD, USA
Steven Mardjetko, MD, FAAP, USA
David Marks, FRCS, UK
Morio Matsumoto, MD, Japan
Richard McCarthy, MD, USA
Kathryn McCarthy, MD, Norton Leatherman Spine Center, USA
Amy McIntosh, MD, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children: Scottish Rite for Children, USA
Hossein Mehdian, MD, FRCS (Ed), UK
Jwalant Mehta, FRCS Orth, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, UK
Nancy Miller, MD, USA
Daniel Miller, MD, USA
Firoz Miyanji, MD, FRCSC, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Canada
Mauricio Montalvo, MD, Mexico
Stephen Morris, MBChB, FRCS, Southmead Hospital, UK
Benjamin Mueller, MD, USA
Praveen Mummaneni, MD, University of California San Francisco, USA
Pier Mura, MD, Italy
Joshua Murphy, MD, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Inc, USA
Susan Nelson, MD, MPH, University of Rochester, USA
Brian Neuman, MD, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, USA
Peter Newton, MD, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, USA
Hilali Noordeen, FRCS, UK
Elizabeth Norheim, MD, USA
Ibrahim Obeid, MD, Bordeaux University Hospital, France
Masayuki Ohashi, MD, Ph.D, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital: Niigata Daigaku Ishigaku Sogo Byoin, Japan
JEAN OUELLET, MD FRCSC, McGill University Health Centre, Canada
Kedar Padhye, MD, DNB (ortho), Saint Louis University School of Medicine, USA
Justin Park, MD, Maryland Spine Center, USA
Saba Pasha, PhD, University of Pennsylvania, USA
Norbert Passuti, MD, France
Casper Pedersen, MD, University of Southern Denmark: Syddansk Universitet, Denmark
Ferran Pellisé, PhD, MD, Hospital Vall d'Hebron: Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Spain
Joseph Perra, MD, USA
Javier Pizones, MD PhD, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Spain
David Polly, MD, University of Minnesota, USA
Bangping Qian, MD, China
John Quinn, MD, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA
Sheeraz Qureshi, MD, MBA, Hospital for Special Surgery, USA
Kristen Radcliffe, MD, USA
Shanmuganathan Rajasekaran, MBBS.,MCh (Ortho).,FACS.,FRCS.,PhD, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals Pvt Ltd, India
Brandon Ramo, MD, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, USA
Greg Redding, MD, University of Washington School of Medicine, USA
Alejandro Reyes-Sanchez, PhD, MD, National Institute of Rehabilitation: Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico
B. Stephens Richards, MD, Scottish Rite for Children, USA
Todd Ritzman, MD, Akron Children's Hospital, USA
Ahmed Saad, MD, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust: Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Denis Sakai, MD, MS, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Brazil
Amer Samdani, MD, Shriners Hospitals for Children Philadelphia, USA
James Sanders, MD, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
Zeeshan M. Sardar, MD, Columbia University, USA
Juan Sardi, M.D, University of Virginia, USA
JF Sarwark, MD, Northwestern University, USA
Jacob Schulz, MD, Children´s Hospital of Montefiore, USA
Frank Schwab, MD, USA
Richard Schwend, MD, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, USA
Rajiv Sethi, MD, USA
Eiman Shafa, MD, USA
Suken Shah, MD, Nemours Children's Hospital Delaware, USA
Jianxiong Shen, MD, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China
Harry Shufflebarger, MD, Paley Orthopedic & Spine Institute, USA
Jacob F Shulz , MD, Bronx, NY, USA
Gauti Sigmundsson, MD, PhD, Örebro University Hospital: Universitetssjukhuset Orebro, Sweden
Ane Simony, MD, PhD, Hospital Lillebelt, Denmark
David Skaggs, MD, MMM, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, USA
Stanley Skinner, MD, Abbott Hospital: Abbott Northwestern Hospital, USA
Theodoor Smit, MD, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Netherlands
Kit Song, MD, MHA, USA
Junho Song, BS, Hospital for Special Surgery, USA
Peter Sturm, MD, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center James M Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, USA
Daniel Sucato, MD, MS, Dallas, TX, USA
Sanjeev Suratwala, MD, USA
Carlos Alberto Tello, PhD, Hospital de Pediatria Prof Dr Juan P Garrahan, Argentina
P. Justin Tortolani, MD, USA
Vincent Traynelis, MD, Rush University Medical Center, USA
Per Trobisch, MD, Eifelklinik St. Brigida, Germany
Hans Tropp, MD, Sweden
Walter Truong, MD, Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare, USA
Athanasios Tsirikos, MD, FRCS, PhD, , UK
Peter Udby, MD, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
Koki Uno, MD, Japan
Vidyadhar Upasani, MD, University of California San Diego, USA
Miranda van Hooff, MSc PhD, Sint Maartenskliniek, Netherlands
Kushagra Verma, MD, USA
Carlos Villanueva, MD, PhD, Clinica del Pilar, Spain
Michael Vitale, MD, USA
Kei Watanabe, MD, PhD, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan
Joseph Weiner, MD, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
Michelle Welborn, MD, Shriners Hospital for Children Portland, USA
Sui Wenyuan, MD, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
Roger Widmann, MD, Hospital for Special Surgery, USA
Carol Wise, PhD, Scottish Rite for Children, USA
Adam Wollowick, MD, Stryker, USA
Hee-Kit Wong, MD, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Kirkham Wood, MD, USA
Mitsuru Yagi, MD, PhD, International University of Health and Welfare: Kokusai Iryo Fukushi Daigaku, Japan
Scott Yang, MD, Seattle Children's Hospital, USA
Burt Yaszay, MD, Seattle Children's Hospital, USA
Muharrem Yazici, MD, Hacettepe Universitesi, Turkey
Chun-Po Yen, MD, University of Virginia, USA
Caglar Yilgor, MD, Acibadem Universitesi, Turkey
Philip York, MD, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, USA
Reinhard Zeller, MD, MsC, FRCSC, FAOA, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
Zheng Zhaomin MD,PhD, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
Zezhang Zhu, MD, Nanjing University Medical School, China
Qianyu Zhuang, MD, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China