Abstract
In this paper, three new estimates for the degree of approximation of a function , the conjugate of a function f belonging to classes Lipα and , , by summability operator of conjugate series of the Fourier series have been determined.
MSC:42A24, 41A25, 42B05, 42B08.
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1 Introduction
The degree of approximation of the function and , , classes have been determined by several investigators like Alexits [1], Sahney and Goel [2], Chandra [3], Qureshi [4, 5] and Qureshi and Nema [6]. After quite a good amount of work on the degree of approximation of functions by different summability means of its Fourier series, Lal and Singh [7] established the degree of approximation of conjugates of functions by product means of conjugate series of a Fourier Series in the following form.
Theorem 1.1 If is a 2π-periodic and function, then the degree of approximation of its conjugate function by the product means of conjugate series of the Fourier series of f satisfies
where is means of conjugate series of the Fourier series.
Recently Nigam and Sharma have obtained the degree of approximation by the Karmata summability method [8] and also by means of its Fourier series [9] as follows.
Theorem 1.2 If a function f is 2π-periodic, Lebesgue integrable on and belongs to class, then its degree of approximation by summability means of its Fourier series is given by
provided satisfies the following conditions:
and
where δ is an arbitrary positive number such that , , , conditions (1.1) and (1.2) hold uniformly in x and is means of the Fourier series.
Working in a slightly different direction, in this paper, the degree of approximation of a function , the conjugate of a function f belonging to classes Lipα and , , by the product summability operator of conjugate series of the Fourier series has been established. The results are new, sharper and better than previously known results. Furthermore, some interesting particular estimates have been also derived from the main theorems.
2 Preliminaries
Let be a 2π-periodic function, Lebesgue integrable on and belong to class. The Fourier series of is given by
with n th partial sum .
The series
is called ‘conjugate series’ of the Fourier series (2.1) with n th partial sum .
A Housdorff matrix is a lower triangular matrix with entries
where Δ is the forward difference operator defined by and .
Let be an infinite series with n th partial sum .
If as , is said to be summable to the sum s by the Hausdorff matrix summability method ( means) (Boos and Cass [10]).
The Hausdorff matrix H is regular, i.e., H preserves the limit of each convergent sequence if and only if
where the mass function , , and . In this case, the have the representation
Let , .
If as , is said to be summable to s by the Euler method (Hardy [11], p.180).
The transform of the transform defines the transform of . It is denoted by . Thus,
If as , is said to be summable to s by the Euler-Hausdorff matrix summability means, i.e., means.
Thus, if the method of summability is superimposed on the method, another new method of summability is obtained.
The important particular cases of means are as follows:
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1.
if , ,
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2.
if and , ,
-
3.
if ,
-
4.
if and .
Let of a function be defined by
and the degree of approximation of a function by a trigonometric polynomial of order n, , under esssup norm be defined by (Zygmund [12], p.114)
We define the norm by , , and let the degree of trigonometric approximation be given by
Define the norm on class of functions by
The degree of approximation of a function f belonging to class under the norm is given by
A function if for (Titchmarsh [13], p.426).
if for , (def. 5.38 of McFadden [14]).
if (), where ξ is a modulus of continuity, that is, ξ is a non-negative, non-decreasing, continuous function with the properties , (Khan [15]).
If , class coincides with the class , and if , then reduces to Lipα class. Thus, it is obvious that .
Let u be a modulus of continuity such that is positive, non-decreasing.
Then . Thus, .
We write , ,
3 Results
In this paper, three new estimates for the degree of approximation of a function , the conjugate of a function f belonging to the classes Lipα and () by summability operator have been determined in the following form.
Theorem 3.1 If is 2π-periodic, Lebesgue integrable on and belongs to the class Lipα, then the degree of approximation of , the conjugate of f, by means
of conjugate series (2.2) of its Fourier series (2.1) satisfies, for ,
Theorem 3.2 Let be the modulus of continuity such that
If is 2π-periodic, Lebesgue integrable on and belongs to the class (), then the degree of approximation of , the conjugate of f, by means of conjugate series (2.2) of its Fourier series (2.1) is given by
Theorem 3.3 The degree of approximation of a function , the conjugate of a function f belonging to class, by means of conjugate series (2.2) is given by
where and are the modulus of continuity such that
4 Lemmas
For the proof of our theorems, the following lemmas are required.
Lemma 4.1 for .
Proof For , , and , we have
□
Lemma 4.2 for .
Proof For , , and
Equating real parts from both sides, we get
Therefore, using , we get
□
Lemma 4.3 If , then
Proof
Clearly,
□
Lemma 4.4 If , , then
Proof
Using Lemma 4.3 and Minkowski’s inequality, we have
□
Lemma 4.5
Proof
Applying Minkowski’s inequality, we have
Also, we can write
For , we obtain
Since is positive, non-decreasing, if , then , so that
□
Lemma 4.6 The inequality
is known as generalized Minkowski’s inequality where the generalization is simply replacing a finite sum by a definite (Lebesgue) integral (see Chui [16]).
5 Proof of Theorem 3.1
The n th partial sum of conjugate series (2.2) is given by
Denoting the Hausdorff matrix summability transform of by , we get
The transform of , i.e., the transform of denoted by , is given by
Thus,
Applying Lemma 4.1 and Lemma 4.3, we have
Now, by Lemma 4.2 and Lemma 4.3, we get
Collecting equations (5.2) to (5.4), the result is
This completes the proof of Theorem 3.1.
7 Proof of Theorem 3.3
By equation (5.2) of the proof of Theorem 3.1 and Lemma 4.6, we get
Using Lemma 4.1 and Lemma 4.5 and (3.5), we obtain
Also, using Lemma 4.2 and Lemma 4.5, we have
By (7.3), (7.4) and (7.5), we have
Thus,
Since ξ and u are the modulus of continuity such that is positive, non-decreasing, therefore
Then,
Thus,
Thus, Theorem 3.3 is completely established.
8 Applications
The following corollaries can be derived from our theorem.
Corollary 8.1 Let , , and , . Then Theorem 3.2 becomes
Proof Putting , , in (3.3), we have
□
Corollary 8.2 Let and . Then
Proof Putting , , , in (3.4), we have
□
Corollary 8.3 If is 2π-periodic, Lebesgue integrable on and belongs to the class () and condition (3.2) holds, then the degree of approximation of a function , the conjugate of f, by means
of conjugate series (2.2) is given by
Corollary 8.4 If is 2π-periodic, Lebesgue integrable on and belongs to the class , , , then the degree of approximation of its conjugate function by means of conjugate series (2.2) satisfies
Corollary 8.5 In addition to the conditions of Theorem 3.2, if also is non-increasing, then
Corollary 8.6 In addition to the conditions of Theorem 3.3, if also is non-increasing, then
9 Remarks
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1.
If we take in Theorem 3.2, then it reduces to Corollary 8.4.
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2.
The independent proofs of Corollaries 8.3 to 8.6 can be developed along the same lines as the theorems.
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3.
Some interesting estimates parallel to the main theorems and Corollary 8.4, Corollary 8.5 and Corollary 8.6 can also be obtained for , , , summability operators.
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4.
The degree of approximation of functions of class has been determined without using conditions like (1.1) and (1.2) of Theorem 1.2.
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Authors are thankful to DST-CIMS, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi for encouragement to this work.
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Both authors investigated the problem and obtained the estimates.
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Lal, S., Mishra, A. Euler-Hausdorff matrix summability operator and trigonometric approximation of the conjugate of a function belonging to the generalized Lipschitz class. J Inequal Appl 2013, 59 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2013-59
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2013-59