Abstract
The large consumption of cashew nut from Anacardium occidentale L., Anacardiaceae, generates accumulation of shells, a solid by-product from agri-food industry. The cashew nut shell liquid is rich in phenolic lipids, recognized for its anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties, and the shell of this fruit carry the great oil. For these reasons, this study aimed to investigate the potential of the residual shells as a source of phenolic lipids and bioactive extract for pharmaceutical applications. The ethyl acetate extract from the oil of the chestnut bark of A. occidentale (M3 extract) was optimized to obtain a phenolic lipid-rich extract and preparative chromatography was used to increase the yield of isolated phenolic lipid derivatives. In addition, the toxicity profile, anti-inflammatory, and acute and chronic anti-arthritis activities of the M3 extract were evaluated in in vivo models. The M3 extract (25–100 mg/kg) on zymosan-induced air pouch and arthritis models revealed a significant anti-edematogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential. The post-treatment with M3 extract at dose of 100 mg/kg dependently improved a complete Freud’s adjuvant-induced arthritis model, with prevention osteoarticular degradation. Therefore, these results report that bioactive M3 extract obtained from by-product is safe, eco-friendly, and promising for the rheumatoid arthritis therapy.
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The authors acknowledge all contributors for their valuable time and commitment to the study. This research received no external funding in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. We also thank to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - Brasil (CNPq) for the financial support (478661/2010-0) and the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN).
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ATS, SMZ, and GCBG planned and designed the experiments. ATS, JIM, MT-R, JSFA, RCV, and DFSA performed and designed of experiments. ATS, LSA, MT-R, TGC, RCV, and DFSA performed data analysis. SMZ, GCBG, JFT, MGA, AAA, RFAJ, MFF-P, and LSF collaborated with the preparation of materials/reagents/kits and analytical tools. ATS, SMZ, GCBG, MFF-P, JSFA, and MT-R collaborated with the preparation of the manuscript and critical analyses of the text.
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dos Santos, A.T., Guerra, G.C.B., Marques, J.I. et al. Potentialities of Cashew Nut (Anacardium occidentale) By-Product for Pharmaceutical Applications: Extraction and Purification Technologies, Safety, and Anti-inflammatory and Anti-arthritis Activities. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 30, 652–666 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-020-00090-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-020-00090-w